Genetics Study Guide
Terms
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- Allele
- Alternate form of gene; two types; dominant and recessive
- back cross
- otherwise known as incest
- codominance
- two traits which both appear as dominant in the off spring. A type of inheritance in which two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time without blending of traits
- cross fertilization
- when two organisms are bred together by an artifical means
- dihybrid
- a cross with sets of allels with two different traits
- dominant
- the inherited characteristic that appears in an organism
- F1
- first filial generation; generation after "p"
- F2
- second filial generation; the generation that occurs when children cross and have children
- gene
- segments of DNA which carry instructions for synthesizing proteins
- genotype
- the actual alleles that represent a trait on a chromosome
- heterozygous
- allel combination with two different parts of genotype
- homozygous
- allele combination with both parts of genotype identical
- incomplete dominance
- neither triat is dominant over the other and both are shown or mixed
- locus
- the specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome
- monohybrid
- a cross with sets of allels with one trait
- P
- Parent generation
- Phenotype
- the physical appearance of a trait
- pleiotropy
- ability of one gene to affect and organism in multiple ways
- polygenic
- a trait determined by two or more genes
- pure bred
- homozygous
- recessive
- the inherited characteristic often masked by the dominant characteristic and not seen in an organism
- self pollination
- self fertilization; when an organism can supply its own sperm in order to reproduce
- test cross
- A genetic cross in which a test organism showing the dominant triat is crossed with one showing the recessive trait; used to determine whether the test organism is homozygous dominant or heterozgygous
- amino acids
- there are 21 different kinds of amnio acids that make up protein
- autosomal
- refers to genes that are not found on the sex chromosomes. Autosomal chromosomes are ones that are not XX and XY
- Carrier
- a person who has a defective gene and a dominant normal gene and therefore is normal
- cytoplasm
- the part of the cell that lies outside of the nucleus
- DNA
- The main instruction that explain how to build the body
- dominance
- this is one of Johnann Gregor Mendels principles. In his studies with pea plants mendel notices that pure tall plants bred to pure short plants resulted in tall hybrid plants. Tallness was dominant to shortness.
- Enzyme
- A type of protein that controls the rate of biochemcial reaction
- Gamete
- Means sperm or egg. Germ cell. In humans a germ cell contains 23 chromosomes
- Hybrid
- means all alleles of a gene are different
- trait
- a feature of an organism