Genetics-chapter 9
Terms
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- Leptotene stage
- chromatin material begins to condense
- Chromomeres
- localized condensations theat resemble beads on a string
- Zygotene stage
- chromosomes continue to shorten and thicken and begin to pair with each other
- Pachynema stage
- The homologs now synapsis and form tetrads
- Diplotene stage
- it is even more apparent that each tetrad consists of two pairs of sister chromatids
- Chiasma
- a point where the chromatids come together most likely to "cross over"
- Diakinesis
- the chromosomes pull farther apart but nonsister chromatids remain loosely associated via the chiasmata
- Terminalization
- a process where the chiasmata move toward the ends of the tetrad
- Independent assortment
- the random separation of dyads
- Disjunction
- The separation of chromosomes from one another
- Nondisjunction
- when separation is not achieved
- Spermatogenesis
- The formation of sperm
- Spermatogonium
- Undifferentiated diploid germ cell
- primary spermaocyte
- What spermatogonium enlarge to
- Secondary spermatocytes
- the products of the division of the primary spermaocyte
- spermatids
- haploid cells that come from the division of the secondary spermatocytes
- Spermiogenesis
- The series of developmental changes that spermatids go through
- Spermatozoa or Sperm
- The resulting cells from spermiogenesis
- OOgenesus
- the process of making eggs
- Ova
- the female eggs
- Secomdary Oocyte
- Recieves the majority of the cytoplasm from the primary oocyte-the other cell that recieves only a small amount of cytoplasm froms the first polar body
- OOtid
- differentiates into the mature ovum
- Sporophyte stage
- the diploid stage of plant cells
- gametophyte stage
- the haploid stage of plant cells
- Folded-fiber model
- Eric DuPraw- shoes how chromatin is condensed into a metaphase a metaphase chromosome