UNIT FIVE HISTORY TESTT
Terms
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- what lands did france and germany fight over
- alsace-lorraine, and morroco (strait of gibraltar)
- what did france and italy fight over
- tunisia-warm water ports and access to africa
- what did France/britain/russia fight germany for?
-
ottoman railroad-trade and spices
middle east to far east. - what did austria-hungary and russia fight for?
- balkans-volatile area
- balkans= what nickname
- powder keg-unstable=wars
- self determination
- to determine and choose the goverment by which you live under
- Triple Alliance/Central powers
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy/Ottoman Empire<--replaces italy after beginning of the war.
- Triple Entente/Allies
-
France, Russia, Great Britain
G.B.<--F-->R - who held a secret alliance with serbia
- russia
- nationalism
- pride for one's country (extreme)
- conscription
- draft 18yrs.-45yrs.
- what were the war preparations
-
1. nationalism 2.conscription
3. strategies 4. supplies-cloths/troops/weapons 5.strategic R&R - Who had a naval rivalry
- Germany and Great Britain
- What started the beginning of WWI
-
asassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in a parade
(JUNE 28, 1914) - What is another name for WWI
- The Great War
- Where was WWI primarily fought?
- europe.... not global
- JULY 28, 1914
- Austria-hungary declares war on Serbia.
- JUNE 28, 1914
- Franz Ferdinand/wife killed
- How much money did the U.S. lend to Great Britain for supplies while neutral?
- $2 billion
- how did us react to british naval blockade/german u-boat attacks
-
mild protest-->naval blockade
strong protest-->U-boat attacks - Internation Sea Travel Laws
-
1)no unnanounced attacks at sea on unarmed or neutral passenger/merchant ships.
2)unlawful for neutral/passenger/merchant ships to carry military cargo in to war zone. - MAY 7, 1915
- sinking of the Lusitania
- Sinking of the lusitania
-
killed 1200 people/128 americans
173 tons of ammunition
big explosion
18 mins. to fully sink - MARCH 14, 1916
- sinking of the sussex
- sinking of the sussex
-
unarmed
shot out of water without warnin
3 americans killed - sussex pledge
-
1)germany promises no more u-boat attacks on unarmed ships
2)germans promise to make payments to the three families of the men killed - JANUARY 1917
-
germans resume the u-boat attacks
avg. 17 ships a week - FEBRUARY 1917
- Pres. wilson cuts off all relation with germany
- Zimmerman note
-
same time as u-boat attacks
...telegram from germany to mexico asking for mex. to attack the U.S. so that when Ger. wins Mex. can gain back AZ, TX, NM.
....telegram intercepted by British naval intelligence JAN.19, 1917
....coded telegram->took 1 mo. to decipher.
...America recieves translated version on FEB.24, 1917 - APRIL 2, 1917
- Wilson is granted access from Congress to declare war
- U.S. reasons for war
-
1.U-boat attacks
2.Zimmermann Note
3.b/c in the begginning-->Ger. over ran a neutral country...belgium - how does U.S. mobilize
-
1.soldiers must be trained
2.equip. weapons/uniforms
3.transport troops/equip safely over seas
4.get to Europe in time to make a difference - JAN 19, 1917
- Britain intercepts Zimmermann note
- FEB 24, 1917
- U.S. recieves deciphered Zimmermann note
- What was the German attack plan?
- The schliefflan plan
- schliefflan plan
-
1.Ger. would go west throught Bel. then S to France and W of Paris.
2.another troop would go W and meet the other troops at the Franco-german border<--Pincer movement - the actual time of the schlefflan plan
- 18 days to get throught belgium<--gave france and britain time to mobilize
- seigeline
- stalemate, no movement
- trench warfare?
-
....brought about b/c of machine gun.
...tank and poison gas got them out of trenches
...disease ridden
...protected by barbed wire, and nomans land<-- in between ea. others trenches - OCT. 1917
- Bolshevik Revolution
- bolshevik revolution
-
...communists take over
...forces russia to exit war
...Rus. and Ger. sign non-agression pact - 1916
-
...italy joins Allies
...british send in 140,000 more soldiers
...sinking of the sussex->sussex pledge - 1915
- ....sinking of the lusitania
- JAN 1917
-
U-boat attacks
Zimmerman Note - FEB 1917
- U.S. cuts of all ties with Ger.
- APRIL 1917
- U.S. declares war
- U.S.'s safeguard
-
1.go across Atlantic O. in convoys
2.use smoke screens
3.W.S.Simms get all officers over on time
4.2 million soldiers go over - OCT 1917
- Bolshevik revolution
- MARCH-->JULY 1918
- Germans make 5 major attacks on W. Front
- SEPT 1918
-
a. Germans forced out of France
b.germans want to negotiate a peace settlement
c.allies don't wanna negotiate with Kaiser Wilhelim - NOV. 9 1918
- Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates
- casualties
-
10 million killed
20 million wounded - Wilson's 14 pt. speech
-
1. abolish general causes of war
2.est. self-determination in european countries
3.association of nations<--**** - genearl causes of war
- (trade restrictions, freedom of the seas, disarmment, settle colonial disputes)
- The "BIG FOUR"
-
Woodrow Wilson<--U.S.
Georges Clemenceau<--France
Vitorio Orlando<--Italy
David Lloyd Georg<--Britain - treaty of versailles
-
...32 nations represented
...Ger.not represented
...est. a league of nations
...ger. has to return belgium/Alsace-lorraine to france
...ger.recognizes independence of austria
...germany reduces army size to 100,000 men, no rank of generals, only 6 warships
...ger.accepts blame for war and pays reparations - problems at versailles
-
1.rivalries and jealousies of the statesmen
2.secret wartime treaties(italy)
3.disagreement over war guilt and reparations<--everyone wanted to blame ger. except U.S. - Pancho Villa
-
killed 18 in Mexico
killed 17 in America
all b/c Wilson supported Mex. President - dogfights
-
airbattles
no effect on the ground war - liberty bond
- loan certificates issued by gov.t' payed by citizens to help pay for war....... sold over $2 billion
- mobilization
- preparation for war
- Jeanette Rankin
-
...from montana
...first woman elected into congress
..opposed conscription/war declaration - doughboys
-
soldiers sent to Europe
called doughboys because of buttons with holes in them - samuel gompers
-
American Federation of Labor leader
..supported war=full employment - Committee of Public inormation
- relied on emotion and peer pressure to sell the war to the U.S. peopl
- bolshevism
- radical socialist idealogy
- irreconcilables
- progressive repubilcans who would not be reconciled to vote for the league of nations
- reservationists
- approved the idea of the league of nations, BUT wanted to modify Wilson's particular proposal