Chapter 7
Terms
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- Augustus
- means- the revered one; Julius Caesars's grandnephew who began a series of military conquests
- Tacticus
- wrote the Annals- he expresses criticism of the Roman government of Augustus and his rule of the empire
- gladiators
- trained fighters,often slaves, who fought in areas as entertainment
- checks and balances
- system of government that prevents any one part of the government from being too powerful
- dictator
- an absolute ruler
- tribunes
- Roman officials who were elected by popular assemblies
- Julio-Claudian Emperors
- relatives and descendants of Caesar who ruled during the Pax Romana after Augustus died
- praetors
- Roman officials who helped the consuls
- The Gracchi
- two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius Graccus, who saw the need for reform in the Roman Republic
- rabbis
- religious scholars of Judaism
- Diocletian
- was co-emperor in the West; drove out barbarians to make things more peaceful
- matryrs
- put to death for their beliefs
- equites
- class of business people and landowners in ancient Rome who had wealth and power
- aqueducts
- bridege-like structures that carry water
- triumvirate
- political alliance of three people
- Constantine
- son of Constantius who became sole emperor of the empire. He supported Christianity and made Constantinople the capital
- Marc Antony
- a friend and general of Julius Caesar who drove out conspirators and took control of Rome
- bishops
- heads of the Catholic Church in major religious cities
- Punic Wars
- three conflicts/battles between the Romans and Carthaginians over control of the Mediterranean and oversea territory. Very costly
- Virgil
- greatest of the Roman poets who wrote the epic poem Aeneid
- veto
- refusal to approve a bill or law
- Spartacus
- slave who led a brutal revolt
- patriarchs
- bishops who were part of the administrative centers for the church in the last years of the Roman Empire
- pope
- title of the patriach of Rome and head of the Catholic Church
- inflation
- rise in prices caused by a decrease in the value of the medium of exchange
- Gnaeus Pompey
- ruled in the Triumvirate with Caesar and Crassus
- consuls
- chief executives elected to run the government in ancient Rome
- censors
- Roman officials who registered people according to their wealth
- Hannibal
- one of the greatest generals who assembled a huge Carthaginian army
- Five Good Emperors
- five rulers who led Rome duirng the Pax Romana
- Horace
- wrote about human emotions in odes, satires, and epistles
- Julius Caesar
- nephew of Marius; a powerful public speaker who spent a lot of money trying to win support. popular among the poor.
- plebians
- farmers and workers who made up most of the Roman population
- Scipio
- Roman general who led his army to defeat Hannibal and won
- patricians
- powerful landowners who controlled the Roman government and society
- republic
- form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state
- Ovid
- wrote Metamorphoses and love lyrics