PSY104 Final

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Terms

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Lexical strategy: Analysis of language
Words with most snynonyms are most important
Came up with the Big Five Factors
Big Five Factors: Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness
Extraversion characteristics: Warmth, assertiveness, excitement seeking, positive emotion
Agreeableness characteristics: Trust, straightforwardness, modesty, compliance
Conscientiousness characteristics: Competence, order, self-discipline
Neuroticism characteristics: Anxiety, angry hostility, depression, impulsiveness
Openness characteristic: Fantasy, feelings, actions, ideas, values
Vocab: stress: An experience of an event that is perceived as endangering one's well-being
Reactions to stress: Psychological
Physiological
Coping strategies
Inner adrenal: Triggers sympathetic nervous system
Releases adrenaline
Outer adrenal-pituitary: Secretes cortisol
Damages heart muscles, immune system, etc.
Types of Stressors: Major life events
Daily hassles
Chronic circumstances
Quality of life equation: [positive affect / negative affect] + life satisfaction
6 dimensions of appraisal: Physical well-being, self-esteem, work goals, financial status, respect from another person, well-being of a loved one
3 outcomes of appraisal: Stressor is irrelevant
Stressor is a threat
Stressor is a challenge
Direct coping: Planning, therapy, confrontation, support
Indirect coping: Exercise, meditation, defense mechanisms, chemical stress reducers
DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
5 axises of the DSM: Axis I: Clinical syndromes
Axis II: Personality disorders
Axis III: General medical conditions
Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems
Avis X: Global assessment of functioning
Vocab: Epidemiology: Study of distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population
Generalized anxiety: chronic level of anxiety not tied to specific threat
Phobic disorder: irrational fear of an object or situation not threatening
Panic disorder: recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety
Obsessive Compulsive disorder: pesistent urges to engage in senseless rituals
Posttraumatic stress disorder: psychological disturbance attributed to a major traumatic event
Somatoform disorder: physical ailments that cannot be completely explained by organic conditions
Somatization disorder: diverse array of physical complaints
Conversion disorder: significant loss of physical functions
Hypchondriasis: excessive preoccupation with health concerns
Dissociative amnesia: sudden loss of memory that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting
Dissociative fugue: Loss of memory of one's entire life and everything relating to identity
Dissociative identity disorder: co-existence in one person of two or more largely complete and very different personalities
Major depressive disorder: persistent feelings of sadness and despair
Bi-polar disorder: experience of one or more manic episodes with periods of depression
Paranoid schizophrenic disorder: delusions of persecution, grandeur
Catatonic schizophrenic disorder: motor disturbances, from rigidity to excitement
Disorganized schizophrenic disorder: deterioration of adaptive behavior, complete social withdrawl
Undifferentiated schizophrenic disorder: unclassified schizophrenia, exhibiting symptoms from more than one classification
Anorexia nervosa: intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image
Bulimia nervosa: habitual gorging followed by purging
Three main therapy approaches: Insight, talk therapies
Behavior
Biological
Insight theories: Freud: Goal: Identify unconscious forces that motivate behavior
Technique: Free associations, dream analysis, transference
Vocab: Transference: feelings projected onto the therapist
Insight theories: Neo-Freudian: Carl Jung: collective memory
Alfred Adler: inferiority complex, birth-order analysis
Karen Horney: "tyranny of the shoulds"
Object-relations: objects defined as mental representations of people or things that influence our i
Insight theories: George Kelly: Goal: Help the person more accurately see the world
Techniques: Roleplaying
Insight theories: Carl Rogers: Goal: Achieve congruence between the Social self and the True self
Techniques: Non-directive, reflective listening
Behavior therapy goal: Achieve control over antecedents, behaviors, and consequences
Vocab: antecedents: things that predict maladaptive behavior
Token economies: Behavior technique
Secondary reinforcement
Modeling: Behavior technique
Behavior influenced via viewing another person's punishment/reward
Skills training programs: Behavior technique
Learn independent living skills
Systematic desensitization: Behavior technique
Extinction of classically trained responses by progressive exposure to the stimuli
Flooding: Behavior technique
Extinction of classically trained responses by immediate exposure to stimuli
Aversion therapy: Behavior technique
Decreasing undesirable behavior by pairing behavior with negative outcome, based on patient compliance
Cognitive behavioral goal: Challenge faulty associations between behavior and consequences
Ellis' rational emotive therapy: Cognitive behavioral goal
Encouragement to overwhelm self-defeating thoughts
Beck's cognitive therapy: Cognitive behavioral goal
Negative automatic thoughts are to be treated as hypotheses and tested
Biological treatment for anxiety: Decrease Amygdala activity
Biological treatment for depression: Increase dopamine, norepinphrine, serotonin
Biological treatment for schizophrenia: Block dopamine receptors
Biological treatment for ADHD: Increase dopamine levels
Why we like people: Propinquity
Similarity
Reciprocity: we like those who like us
Inferences of personality (kindness)
Physical appearance
Vocab: propinquity: Exposure
Men attracted to: Youth
Physical symmetry (low mutation load)
Fertility cues (waist-hip ratio = .7)
Women attracted to: Older mates
High status (dominance, resources)
Strong brow, jaw
Genetic quality in short-term mates
Rusbult Investment Model of Commitment: Rewards - Costs = Outcome
Outcome - Expected Outcome = Satisfaction
Satisfaction - Alternatives + Previous Investments = Committment
Cascade of Dissatisfaction: Complaints to critcism
Feel defensive
Feel contempt
Stonewall (physiological changes)
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love: Passion: arousal
Commitment: decisions/choices
Intimacy: bonding, closeness
Gender style: masculinity: stereotype of agency, strength, power
Gender style: femininity: stereotype of communion, softness, love
Sex typed: Masculine men, feminine women
Cross typed: Feminine men, masculine women
Undifferentiated: low on masculinity and femininity
Androgynous: high on both masculinity and femininity
Two Factor Theory of Sexual Aggression: Juvenile delinquent - sexual promiscuity - sexual aggression
Violent home/culture - hates women - sexual aggression
Bowlby's theory of attachment: Adaptive mechanism for monitoring the physical proximity and emotional availability of protective attachment figures
Models of self: Positive: self is valuable and worthy of love
Models of others: Positive: others are comforting and worthy of trust
4 styles of attachment: Secure
Dismissing
Preoccupied
Fearful

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Number of cards 79

Created By ashgrove