Minerals 9.1 Earth Science
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- silicates
- Si & O
- halides
- Cl or F
- oxides
- O but no Si or C
- carbonates
- CO3
- sulfides
- S
- sulfates
- SO4
- hematite
- Fe2O3 2 atoms of iron (Fe) and 3 atoms of oxygen. An OXIDE because it has no Silicon and no Carbon.
- quartz
- SiO2, one atom of silicon, two atoms of oxygen, SILICATE
- olivine
- MG2SiO4, two atoms of manganese, one atom of silicon, four atoms of oxygen, SILICATE
- gypsum
- CaSO4, one atom of calcium, one atom of sulfur, four atoms of oxygen, SULFIDE
- corundum
- Al2O3 2 atoms of aluminum, 3 atoms of oxygen, OXIDE
- fluorite
- CaF2 one atom of Calcium, 2 atoms of fluorine, HALIDE
- pyrite
- FeS2, one atom of iron, two atoms of Sulfur, SULFIDE
- galena
- PbS, one atom of lead, one atom of sulfur, SULFIDE
- feldspar
- KAlSi4O8, one atom of Potassium, one atom of aluminum, four atoms of silicon, eight atoms of oxygen, SILICATE
- Rocks
- mixtures of minerals
- Minerals
-
1) a pure element or
2) a chemical compound
eg. Au (gold) or SiO4 (quartz) -
lithosphere
atmosphere -
litho - rock, stone
atmo - air
sphere - round 3D object - Which mineral group makes up the largest portion of the lithosphere?
- silicates (containing Si & O)
- After the silicates, the second largest group in the lithosphere is the _________
- CARBONATES
- hardness
- How hard is the rock on a scale of 1 to 10.
- luster
- light reflected from the surface of a mineral is called LUSTER. There is one type of luster that reflects light like a POLISHED METAL: this is called metallic luster.
- specific gravity
- How heavy is this rock by weight?
- streak
- The color of a mineral in its POWDERED FORM.
- cleavage
- the tendency for some minerals to SPLIT EASILY ALONG CERTAIN FLAT SURFACES.
- fracture properties
- FRACTURE PROPERTIES are described according how the mineral fractures. Minerals may fracture 'unevenly' or 'irregularly'. A broken surface may be fibrous or splintery.
- color
- An easily observed property of a mineral. It is an UNRELIABLE identification clue because 'weathered' surfaces may hide the color of minerals. An example of this unreliability is the mistaking of pyrite for gold.
- chemical formula
- Every mineral has its own chemical formula. For example, halite is different than orthoclase because it is made from a different and separate combination of elements.
- crystal structure
- A specific mineral always has the same general shape because the atoms or ions that form its crystals always combine in the same geometric pattern.
- density
- a measure of how much matter is in a unit of volume. Density is measured as mass/volume; for example: 3 grams / cubic centimeters (3 gm/cc) or 3 grams per millileter (3 gms./liter)
- To say that a mineral has the physical property of being 'fibrous' is to describe a property of _________.
-
a. streak
b. luster
c. fracture - What is hardness?
- The measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching.
- What does the term 'inorganic' mean?
- not made up of living organisms or the remains of living organisms
- What are 'rock-forming' minerals .
- These are the minerals that compose 90% of the earth's crust.
- Name the six groups of NONSILICATE minerals.
- halides, sulfides, sulfates, carbonates, silicates and the oxides.
- What is the basic structure of all silicate minerals?
- the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
- Name and explain the physical properties used to identify minerals.
- color, fracture and cleavage, luster, hardness, crystal shape, streak, density
- Explain the classroom scale of hardness used in the laboratory.
- Remember MOHS Scale of Hardness. What substances are at the top and bottom of this scale.
- Explain the special properties used to identify calcite, halite, and magnetite.
- k
- Why is GALENA so important to the state of Wisconsin.
- Early mining industry
- Explain the impact of minerals on society.
- Minerals are used in virtually all commercial manufacturing processes. Without minerals, consumers would not enjoy so many products and conveniences.