PSYCHOLOGY 2nd test
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- What is the SCN and where is it located?
- It is the Supra charismatic Nucleus. It is located on the hypothalamus...recieves information from the eyes-controls the circadian rythym.
- What does the pineal gland produce?
- this gland produces a hormone (chemical messenger released into the blood stream taken off somewhere else and helps control bodily function.)
- What are the four theories for reasons why we sleep?
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Passive,
Active,
Restoration,
and Evolutionary theories. - What do Synchronized Brain Waves look like?
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This type of wave forms are slow and regular.
these forms are seen during sleep. - What do Desynchronized brain waves look like?
- rapid, irregular, and during our conscious and awake state.
- What are two different kinds of synchronized waves?
- Alpha and Beta
- what are two different kinds of Desynchronized waves?
- Theta and Delta
- What are the two types of wave forms not characterized?
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spindles, and
k-complexes (only seen in stage 2) - What are the 5 stages of sleep?
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twilight,
desynchronized,
deep sleep,
Deep and quiet sleep
REM sleep - What did Freud think dreams were?
- a pathway to wishful thinking, and unconscious desires
- What did Cartwright think that dreams were?
- Solving daily encounters...and things that you're dealing with. = your dreams.
- What was Hobson and Mccarly's theory on dreams?
- These guy's theory on dreams was Activation synthesis model...:from the "random" activation of your brain, it tries to put it together and creates a story (exscuses)
- what is cataplexy
- this is the state of paralysis while conscious., with sleep paralysis and hallucination
- What are the three types of insomnia?
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Onset-difficulty falling asleep (J. Bake)
MAintenience-can't stay asleep (Gretch)
Termination- Wake up early...(Rollo) - what is a danger/power of hypnosis?
- one of the dangers/powers of this is whatever the hypnotizer wants you to hear..he can make hte person say..power of suggestion
- what is seratonin involved with?
- studying and focusing
- Pavlov is associated with what?
- Classical conditioning
- what did pavlov study?
- he studied his dog's digestion.
- What are the 3 responses to Pavlov's classical conditioning?
- Unconditioned STimuli, Conditioned stimuli, and Un-conditioned response.
- what is an unconditioned stimulus?
- a natural response, an instinct, a reflex
- What is a conditioned stimuli?
- Something associated with the reflex. An action such as a bell, or air puff, that brings about an implied response such as an eye blink, or salivation.
- What is an unconditioned response?
- an eye blink
- What is Acquisition?
- the Learning phase
- What is Extinction?
- the dissapearance or weakening of Conditioned Response
- What is stimulus generalization?
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When the Brain hears a specific tone or sound and associates it with a previous response.
rabbit hears a middle A instead of a middle C, would he still blink? - What did B.F. Skinner say?
- "There is always a reinforced reward/stimulus behind every repeated system."
- What will affect the probability and help in repeating a specific behavior.
- Reinforcement
- What is an example of a secondary reinforcement?
- money is a primary reinforcement...and what you do with your money is the 2ndary reinforcement
- what is a fixed rate reinforcement?
- training a dog to sit...and when he does, giving him a reward EVERY time. be consistent.
- What are three types of memory?
- Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural
- What does Episodic memory entail?
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...an episode..."I remember when"
sequence of events in time - What does SEmantic memory entail?
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Declarative
...things tha tyou can verbalize
...FACTS
"I know..." - What does Procedural memory entail?
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Skills,
Motor skills:riding a bike, pogo stick - What is explicit memory?
- What we're asked to remember(PRIMARY)
- What is implicit memory?
- What you don't realize you remember...(like peripheral memory...)
- What are the three steps to remembering something
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Encoding code..and put it into memory,
Storing...maintenience memory
REtrieval...REcovery of that memory - What is sensory memory?
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your 5 senses.
iconic-little picture that represents something
echonic-sound that represents something - How does short-term memory work?
- Auditorially...you say things aloud in your head
- What is the max amount of items (groupings/ideas) that you can have in your short term memory box?
- 7 ITEMS!!!
- what helps you remember longer?
- Dual Coding.
- What does LTM encoding use?
- SEmantic/General
- what is the primary effect?
- items recieved first are easier to remember
- what is the recency effecet
- items recieved last
- What are the two types of Amnesia?
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Retrograde-
Anterograde - What is Retrograde?
- interference..but the mental block comes after the memory happens
- What is anterograde?
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forward
-you can't incorporate new memories into your brain...only remember hte past - What is the hippocampus, and what doesit look like in shape?
- it looks like a foot, and it is in charge of binding memory areas together...It is the relay center for memory.
- What is interference?
- things that get in the way of recall/memory
- What does the Trochlear Nerve do?
- projects images to the eyes
- What is the path from info to Trochlear Nerve
- info--interpositus--Red Nucleus--CN
- Can you learn responses without Red Nucleus?
- NO. you need a red nucleus to complete memory
- What is field dependence?
- people who think externally and use external frames of reference
- What is field independence?
- people who think internally and use internal frames of reference
- What is the culture of Eastern society like?
- field dependenc, Wholistic style...context, inter-relationships,...thinking about the whole...consider group over individual
- What is the culture of WEstern society like?
- analytical cognitive style...focuses on the individual, and properties of individual vs. individuals related to one another
- What are the three different types of problems we solve?
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1. Inducing structure-hammer...nail/golf club...golf ball
2. Arrangement-focusing on objects in problem, and focusing on their primary use
3.