Final Review-terms
Terms
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- How are two or more quantitative variables related is what type research
- correlational research
- Behavior related study, a type of validity
- convergent validity
- I am an experiment and I have the most____
- control
- Did I measure what I intended to measure?
- Construct validity
- I am influenced by reliability and how well my variables were operationally defined
- construct validity
- My test correlates well with another test known to be valid?
- concurrent validity
- I am the correlation coefficient squared
- coefficient of determination
- I am the overlap or variance accounted for by a 2nd variable
- coefficient of determination
- Why are two or more naturally occurring groups different?
- causal comparative
- Also known as ex post facto study
- causal comparative
- Influence of one treatment still remains when second treatment is given
- carryover effects
- I have no power
- beta
- I am also a type 2 error
- beta
- Research done in a lab with no application in mind
- basic research
- I am done to develop or test a theory
- basic research
- How are two or more variables are related: correlational and comparative
- associational or relational
- APA
- American Psychological Association
- I am a measure of equivalence
- alternate or parallel forms reliability
- I am the level at which something is statistically significant
- alpha
- I am the probability of making a type 1 error
- alpha
- Analysis of variance
- ANOVA
- statistical test used for 3 or more tests
- ANOVA
- I have an immediate application, real world application
- applied research
- I am used in single subject research
- baseline designs
- In single subject research, there are two type of designs I can be used in
- within or within component of mixed subject design
- In research, this means to enhance the welfare of your participants
- beneficence
- Do as much good
- beneficence
- I only measure my participants one time
- Between subjects design
- I don't fit neatly into any category but I employ many data collection techniques for descriptive data
- Case study
- I use intact groups in my sampling
- Cluster random sampling
- Do two or more groups known to differ also differ with respect to a 2nd variable
- Comparative Research
- I vary systematically and am unwanted
- confounding variable
- I am a representative sample of material in a test
- Content validity
- If a test only contains one question, it lacks this?
- content validity
- I tell the strength and direction of relationship between 2 variables
- correlation coefficient
- How much variance in one variable that can be accounted for by knowing a 2nd variable
- correlation coefficient
- Done to deal with order effects
- counterbalance
- measure of comparison
- criterion validity
- Done after study to participants
- debrief
- Give clues to participants
- demand characteristics
- measures what actually exists with one single variable
- descriptive research
- Nobody knows anything about the study
- double blind
- Directly verifiable
- empirical
- another name for causal comparative
- ex post facto
- Find something because you expected to find it
- experimenter bias
- Treat one group different than another to get results you want
- Pygmalion effect or experimenter bias
- How well your findings apply elsewhere
- external validity
- Look of the test
- face validity
- Experimental study involving 2 or more independent variables
- factorial design
- Goals of research
- define, explain, predict, change or control
- Specific predictions about the outcome of the study
- Hypothesis
- Prevent reactivity with this
- cover story
- A developmental study equal to between subjects, measure once
- cross sectional study
- theory to hypothesis, general to specific
- deductive reasoning
- the variable that is measured
- dependent variable
- Report what exists with respect to one variable
- descriptive research
- behavior related study where you don't want a correlation
- discriminant validity
- Learn about the culture of an intact group, detailed and ongoing
- ethnographic
- Does one variable affect or cause a 2nd variable?
- experimental
- Can two groups differ because of IV
- Experimental
- Manipulation before measurement
- experimental
- Affected by sampling technique and experimental realism
- external validity
- I vary randomly and don't affect IV
- extraneous variable
- Be true to study, obligations
- fidelity
- Reactivity-another name
- Hawthorne effect
- Cannot be directly studied, creativity, intelligence
- hypothetical construct
- Varies systematically and you want it in an experiment
- IV
- Begins with real world observations
- inductive reasoning
- specific to general
- inductive reasoning
- Type reasoning used with descriptive study
- inductive reasoning
- Participants sign before experiment
- informed consent
- Measure of consistency
- inter-item
- Only requires one test administration
- split-half (inter-item)
- good control
- internal validity
- IRB
- Institutional Review Board
- Give credit where credit is due
- justice
- Developmental research done over time
- longitudinal study
- Find out about one IV by itself
- main effects
- Allow us to see if 2 or more variables when used together will perform
- interaction effect
- See how one variable performs alone
- main effect
- Combo of within and between
- mixed subject design
- Combo of 2 or more samplings
- multi-stage random sample
- Subjects natural environment observed
- naturalistic observation
- practice and fatigue are examples of this
- order effects
- Keep it simple
- parsimonious
- ability to detect an effect if one exists
- power
- poorest control
- pre-experimental design
- Predicts future performance
- predictive validity
- random sample has two names
- random selection and probability sample
- Self fulfilling prophecy
- Rosenthal Effect
- Rosenthal effect
- self fulfilling prophecy
- Inductive research
- qualitative research
- Research based on some quality that is not counted
- qualitative research
- Deductive research
- quantitative research
- Research that is counted or measured
- quantitative research
- Use of intact groups to do research
- quasi experiment
- The most popular way to do research
- quasi-experiment
- Looks like the population it was taken from
- random sampling
- Participants perform in a certain way because they know they are being watched
- reactivity
- Used to predict an unknown from a known
- regression
- Produce same results, consistent
- reliable
- Another name for within subjects design
- repeated measures design
- Problem with self-report studies
- response bias
- I use anonymity and confidentiality to avoid this
- response bias
- Ensure a question is answered correctly how?
- scientific method
- Express factorial design with numbers
- shorthand notation
- Everyone has an equal chance of being selected
- Simple random sample
- I lack external validity because I serve as my own control
- single subject design
- Another name for single subject
- baseline or intra-subject
- Proportional random sample
- stratified random sample
- Must know how population is comprised
- Stratified Random sampling
- Cannot be assigned such as age, race, gender
- subject variable
- Every nth person is selected.
- Systematic Random sample
- Two administrations of the same test
- Test re-test
- A measure of stability
- Test retest
- General statement used to relate two variables
- Theory
- This has the most control
- True experiment
- Statistical test used for 2 variables
- T-test
- Conclude there is a relationship when there is NOT
- type one error
- Reject the null and you shouldn't have
- type 1 error
- This is equal to alpha
- type one error
- Made a bad decision
- type one error
- Claim there is no correlation but there really was
- type 2 error
- failed to reject the null when you should have
- type two error
- Technique to avoid reactivity
- unobtrusive measures
- Use of microphone, one way mirrors to avoid reactivity
- unobtrusive measures
- Accuracy, truthfulness
- validity
- Requires fewer people and more powerful
- within subjects design