APUSH study ch.13-19
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Corrupt Bargain
- 1825 Clay supported John Q Adams in House presidential vote in return for office of Sec of State
- Tariff of Abominations
- (Tariff of 1828)raised tariff on imported manufactured goods. protected North but harmed South
- Election of 1824
- popular vote, electoral vote, house vote: Jackson, Adams, Crawford, Clay
- Kitchen Cabinet
- small group of Jackson's friends & advisors - were influential in 1st years of his presidency
- South Carolina Exposition and protest - reaction to tariff of 1832
- VP Calhoun published essay South Carolina Exposition -proposed each state has right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress
- Worchester v. Georgia
- 1832 -Sup Crt decided Georgia had no jurisdiction over Cherokee reservations - jackson opposed this ruling
- Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
- 1831 - Indians weren't independent nations but dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the fed gov.
- Whigs
- were conservatives & popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners (Henry Clay, Daniel Webster)
- Force Bill
- authorized Prez Jackson to use army & navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
- Compromise Tariff of 1833
- by Henry clay-gradually reduced the rates levied under the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
- Caucus System
- were elected by small, secretive party groups & the public had little say in the process (king caucus)
- Trail of tears
- Cherokee tribe evicted from homes and forced to march on trail to Oklahoma Indian country
- Nicholas Biddle
- a second bank was established in 1816 & he became the bank's prez
- Specie Circular
- by Jackson 1836 requiring purchase of public lands w/ hard $ - panic of 1837 followed
- Martin Van Buren
- Democ-Repub Senator rallied factory workers of North in support of Jackson. became Jackson's VP after Calhoun resigned
- Henry Clay
- "the american system"high tarrif on imports to finance extensive internal improvement package
- Commonwealth v. Hunt
- 1842 recognized that the conspiracy law is inapplicable to unions &that strikes for a closed shop are legal
- pet banks
- jackson removed gov's deposits fr biddle's vaults and distributed them to various state and local banks
- Joseph Smith
- Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830-announcement that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons
- Brigham Young
- 1847 led Mormons to the Great Salt Lake Valley in Utah, where they founded the Mormon republic of Deseret
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- pioneer in women's suffrage movement, organized 1st women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY 1848
- American Temperance Union
- flagship of the temperance movement in the 1800's. Opposed alcohol
- Dorothea Dix
- reformer and pioneer in movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's
- Lucretia Mott
- early feminist,for liberal causes, particularly slavery abolition and women's suffrage-helped 1st covention
- Seneca Falls
- July, 1848 - Site of the first modern women's right convention. Declaration of Sentiment listing discriminations against women
- Cyrus McCormick
- mechanical reaper in 1831, and made farming more efficient
- John J. Audubon
- "birds of America"
- Sojourner Truth
- one of the best-known abolitionists of her day. was first black woman orator to speak out against slavery
- Frederick Douglass
- self-educated slave-escaped 1838, became best-known abolitionist speaker. edited anti-slav. weekly, North Star
- Denmark Vesey
- mulatto who inspired group of slaves to seize Charleston 1822, but one betrayed him & he &followers hanged before the revolt
- Nat Turner
- 1831 slave uprising in Virginia-result=slave states strengthened measures against slaves
- William Lloyd Garrison
- A militant abolitionist, he came editor of the Boston publication, The Liberator, in 1831
- Elijah Lovejoy
- abolitionist & editor. press he used was attacked four times & he was killed defending it.
- Gabriel Prosser
- planned slave revolt in Virginia-organized 1000 slaves but roads = flooded & they were caught & hanged
- John C. Calhoun
- resigned as Jackson's vp, SC senator-said North shuld grant South's demands & keep quiet about slavery to keep peace. spokesman for South & states' rights.
- John C. Fremont
- Civil governor of California, led the Army exploration to help general Kearny in Mex. amer war
- Aroostook War
- Maine lumberjacks camped along Aroostook River in Maine 1839-tried to oust Canadian rivals. Militia called in from both sides until Webster Ashburn - Treaty was signed
- Manifest Destiny
- Phrase commonly used in 1840's-1850's. expressed inevitableness of continued expansion of the U.S.
- Election of 1844
- James K. Polk - Democrat. (winner) Henry Clay - Whig. James G. Birney - Liberty Party.
- Election 1844: Liberty Party
- The first abolitionist party - believed in ending slavery.
- James K. Polk
- President known for promoting Manifest Destiny.
- Slidell mission
- 1845, John Slidell went to Mexico to pay for disputed Texas and California land. But the Mexican government refused
- Rio Grande, Nueces River
- Texas claimed s. border =Rio Grande; Mexico wanted border at Nueces River- US & Mex agreed not to send troops into disputed territory but polk later did
- Carolina and Creole Incidents
- Carolina=US ship Canada burned & Creole=ship where slaves mutinied&killed crewman who the British let free - angered US
- Oregon Treaty 1812
- territory comprised what arenow the states of Oregon and Washington-treaty made joint occupation w/ brit&US
- Wilmot Proviso
- David Wilmot proposed to outlaw slavery from the territory acquired from Mex.
- Nicholas Trist
- Sent as a special envoy by Polk to Mexico City in 1847 to negotiate end to Mex War-treatyofguadalupe hidalgo
- Spot Resolutions
- Congressman Abraham Lincoln supported proposition to find exact spot where Amer troops were fired upon
- Hinton R. Helper
- "The Impending Crisis in the south" - slavery is actually economically harmful to the south
- Stephen A. Douglas
- moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.
- 36-30 line
- According to Missouri Compromise (1820), slavery= forbidden in Louisiana terr. north of 36º30 N latitude. was nullified by Kansas-Nebraska Act.
- Election of 1856
- Demo-James Buchanan (won). Repub - John Fremont. Know- Nothing Party & Whig - Millard Fillmore. 1st election Repub Party. Know- Nothings opposed immigration and Catholic influence
- "Bleeding Kansas"
- Following passage of Kansas-Nebraska Act, pro-slavery forces fr Missouri Border Ruffians, crossed into Kansas & terrorized murdered antislavery settlers
- Pottawatomie Massacre
- John Brown let a part of six in Kansas that killed 5 pro-slavery men
- New England Emigrant Aid Company
- Promoted anti-slavery migration to Kansas
- John Brown
- seized arsenal at Harper's Ferry. planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners & freeing slaves. was captured & executed.
- Dred Scott Decision
- Sup Crt decided Dred Scott couldn't sue in fed court because he was property, not a citizen
- Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858
- argued important issues like pop sovereignty, Lecompton Constitution & Dred Scott-Douglas won but Lincoln=gained esteem
- Freeport Doctrine
- Stephen Douglas said Congress couldn't force a territory to become a slave state against its will
- Election of 1860
- Repub - Abraham Lincoln (won) Democ - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckenridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell
- Republican Party
- free soil principles, a protective tariff. Supporters: anti-slavers, business, agriculture.
- Crittenden Compromise
- by john j. crittenden-would prohibit fed. medlling w/ slavery in existing states, extension of 36-30&protection of slave states
- Border states
- Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. were slave states, but did not secede.
- Franklin Pierce
- dark horse democ candidate winner of election of 1852- ostend manifesto&gadsend purchase
- Free soil party
- sough to keep new western territories free from slavery
- Ostend Manifesto
- Pierce wanted to seize Cuba from Spain
- Gadsend purchase
- Pierce purchased strip of land at tip of New Mex. - provide route for trans-continental rr
- Zachary Tyalor
- whig president of 1848 - during CA's gold rush & Texas issue
- Compromise 1850
- Henry Clay - CA wuld be admitted as free state & Texas wuld be open to pop sovereignty + tougher fugitive slave law
- Kansas Nebraska Act
- 1854 by Stephen A Douglous-repeal Missouri Compromise & leave Kansas & Nebraska open for pop. sovereignty