Mrs. Birmingham's History Chapter 12
Terms
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- 3 nations with weak economies and little territory that wanted to compete with the Soviets, France, Britain, and the U.S.
- Germany, Italy, Japan
- "living space" that Germany desired
- Lebensraum
- Italian dictator who dreamed of turning the "Mediterranean Sea into an Italian Lake"
- Benito Mussolini
- Communist ruler who took power in 1926 and rebuilt the Soviet Union through violence
- Stalin
- Portion of China controlled by Japan after the Russo-Japanese War
- Manchuria
- 3 reasons that people feared Communism
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1. Stalin was a violent symbol
2. Communism called for world revolution (which is bad)
3. Communist agents infiltrated the press, labor unions, and government agencies - 4 reasons that the Japanese military attacked and captured Manchuria
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1. It was rich in natural resrouces & fertile farmland
2. Japan's population was growing, but its land wasn't
3. Manchuria served as a buffer state between Korea and the Soviet Union (Japan controlled Korea)
4. China was in the middle of a Civil War anyway - American document that denied diplomatic recognition to any territory taken over by force (response to Japan's attack of Manchuria)
- Stimson Doctrine
- Dramatic, anti-Semitic ex-art student who joined the National Socialist German Workers' party and later became dictator of Germany
- Adolf Hitler
- German political party that evolved from the Nationalist Socialist GErman Workers' party
- Nazi party
- teacher of architecture and author of "Inside the Thirs Reich"
- Albert Speer
- CBS correspondent who documented much of the War from Europe
- Edward Murrow
- Hitler's plan to kill an entire ethnic group (specifically the Jews)
- genocide
- the hatred of Jewish people
- Anti-Semitism
- Name for the German Empire that emerged after Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany
- Third Reich
- Man who occupied the German presidency until Hitler dissolved the position in 1933
- Paul von Hindenberg
- German parliament that gave Hitler dictatorial power in 1933
- Reichstag
- Hitler's self-declared leadership title
- fuhrer
- Black American athlete who impressed Germany (and everyone else) with his four gold medals in the 1936 Berlin Olympics
- Jesse Owens
- Violent opening night of Hitler's anti-Jew campaign, during which Nazi gangs broke into homes, beat people, burned synagogues, and looted Jewish businesses (including hospitals and schools)
- Kristallnacht
- Military-free region along the Rhine River, a buffer zone between Germany and France, into which Hitler moved military forces in 1936
- Rhineland
- Hitler's proclaimed "union" of Germany and Austria
- Anschluss
- 3 reasons that France and Britain ignored Hitler's early campaigns
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1. They believed that the Versailles Treaty was unfair against Germany
2. They were more worried about the Soviets, and hoped Germany could lessen Stalin's power
3. They totally underestimated Hitler's "thirst for conquest" - term for the laid-back military attitudes of France and Britain towards Germany
- appeasement
- independent country in northeast Africa that Benito Mussolini conquered without opposition
- Ethiopia
- Ethiopian emperor who appealed to the League of Nations during Mussolini's attack and subsequently had to go into exile
- Selassie
- Spanish general backed by the German-Italian alliance
- Francisco Franco
- Czech region full of protective fortresses desired by Germany
- Sudetenland
- Czech ambassador to London
- Jan Masaryk
- Meeting for Britain, France, Germany and Italy at which Czechoslovakia was forced to surrender Sudetenland
- Munich Pact
- Brisith prime minister who attended the Munich Pact
- Neville Chamberlain
- future British prime minister who correctly predicted that it was not "the end of fear"; King George VI asked him to form a new government in 1940
- Winston Churchill
- Pact that announced the critical position of the Soviet Union in the Germany-Poland struggle
- Nazi-Soviet Nonagression Pact
- Date that Germany declared war on Poland
- September 1, 1939
- Nazu tank formations that quickly destroyed Poland
- panzer divisions
- name of the German air force
- Luftwaffe
- French fortifications along France's eastern border
- Maginot Line
- Seven months of "phony war" during which almost no fighting took place
- Sitzkrieg
- 2 Scandinavian countries that Hitler seized in 1940
- Denmark & Norway
- Undercover agents who created fear prior to the Scandinavian invasions
- fifth columnists
- Norwegian fascist fifth columnist
- Vidkun Quisling
- German war tactic combining speed and firepower of massed tanks with the precision-bombing of fighter planes: "lighting war"
- blitzkrieg
- Hilly Belgian region with insufficient French protection through which teh Germans attacked
- Ardennes Forest
- Location of Britain & France's retreat after the attack on the Ardennes Forest
- Dunkirk
- British military branch that protected the Dunkirk evacuation by air and played a major part in the war
- Royal Air Force
- The names and locations of the 2 zones of divided France, and who controlled which
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Occupied France (Northern France and the Atlantic coastline): Germany
Unoccupied France (the rest of the South): Marshal Petain - Head of the exiled "Free French" government in London
- Charles de Gaulle
- American journalist who wrote "before the snow flies again we may stand alone and isolated, the last great Democracy on earth."
- Walter Lippmann
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Which countries were fighting for whom?
(in 1940) -
Germany, Italy, Soviet Union (conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and I think Czechoslovakia)
Britain (with help from its Empire- Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India) and aid but not official support of the U.S. - Important German campaign against Britain from August to September in 1940
- Battle of Britain
- Britain's elusive fighter plane that threatened the Luftwaffe
- Spitfire
- American laws responding to the anti-war sentiments leftover from World War I
- Neutrality Acts
- Provisions of the Neutrality Acts
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1. The transportation of weapons and other items of war to warring nations was banned
2. Other materials that could be used for war, such as oil, rubber, and steel were to be sold without credit and carried on ships of the purchasing nation
3. No warring nations could borrow money from the Unites States
4. American citizens were prohibited from traveling on vessels belonging to warring nations - Areas taken over by Germany in its Soviet invasion, and where the attack stopped
- Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Leningrad, the Ukraine, Moscow (where it ended)
- Roosevelt's Republican opponent in the 1940 presidential election
- Wendell Willkie
- Act signed by Roosevelt in 1941 that allowed Britain to place orders for American weapons; it was eventually extended to the Soviet Union
- Lend-Lease Act
- Roosevelt's statement of war aims that seemed to be the equivalent to Wilson's Fourteen Points, affirming the right of people to choose their own governments and to be free of foreign aggression
- Atlantic Charter
- American naval vessel sunk by a German sub in 1941 that provoked little response
- Reuben James
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A group formed in 1940 to oppose the war
(this is from the excerpt on page 530 of the textbook) - America First Committee
- Isolationist who wrote the excerpt on page 530 of the textbook
- Charles Lindbergh