Western CIV Exam Review
Terms
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- aqueducts
- bridge like stone structures that brought water from hills into Roman Cities
- Veto
- Block
- Messiah
- Savior sent by God
- Sect
- Small group
- Bishop
- a church official who was responsible for all Christians in an area called a diocese
- Hannibal
- dedicated his life to the destruction of Rome. He commanded an army and for 15 years they moved across Italy, winning many battles. At the battle of Zama the Romans defeated him.
- Martyrs
- people who suffer or die for their beliefs
- Pope
- Head of the Roman Catholic Church
- Heresies
- beliefs said to be contrary to official church teachings
- mercenaries
- foreign soldiers serving for pay
- Ides of March
- March 15, in 44 B.C. Julius Caesar was killed on this day.
- Tiberius
- elected tribune in 133 B.C., called on the state to distribute land to poor farmers. He was a patrician and brother to Gaius.
- Republic
- "thing of the people," would keep any individual from gaining too much power.Form of government where citizens elect people to represent them.
- Tiber River
- A River flowing southward from north central Italy across the Latium plain and into the Mediterranean Sea.Latins settled among this river.
- Etruscans
- came from Asia Minor and ruled much of central Italy, including Rome.
- 450 B.C.
- Roman laws were inscribed on 12 tablets and set up in the Forum, or marketplace.
- Dictator
- a ruler who has complete control over a government.
- Consuls
- supervised the business of the government and commanded the armies.
- Patricians
- members of the landholding upper class
- Carthage
- a city-state on the northern coast of Africa, in present-day Tunisia
- Senate
- the most powerful governing body in the early Republic. Included 300 patrician members; senators served for life and issued decrees as well as interpreted laws.
- 509 B.C.
- The Romans drove out the Etruscan King
- Plebeians
- the farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who made up the bulk of the population; they had very little influence.
- Tribune
- an official elected by Plebeians, they could veto laws that were harmful to the Plebeians
- Legion
- the basic unit of the Roman Army that was made up of about 5,000 men
- Pax Romana
- Period of peace for Roman Empire which lasted about 200 years
- Remus
-
The legendary son of Mars and
Twin brother of Romlus - Romulus
- the twin brother of Remus, the legendary founder and first king of Rome
- Jesus
- a Jew who founded Christianity
- New Testament
- the 27 books of the Bible that contained the life and teachings of Jesus.
- Gospel
- accounts written about Jesus by four of his followers
- Apostle
- the disciples who spread Jesus' message
- Trajan
- an emperor who reigned from 98A.D to 117A.D; he brought Dacia(Romania), under Roman control.
- Latins
- Indo-Europeans who settled in the Etruscan area;they later became known as Romans, but they were never Etruscans.
- Etruria
- West coast of Italy that was highly developed and inhabited by the Etruscans.
- empire
- when one country or one government rules land outside its natural boundaries
- Latin League
- controlled by Rome, but made up of all the villages in Central Italy. The people in the Latin League were allowed citizenship.
- Constantine
- gained the throne in 312A.D. and granted toleration to Christians. By doing this he encouraged the rapid growth of Christianity within the empire. He also built a new capital, Constantinople, which made the eastern portion of the empire the center of power.
- Diocletian
- an emperor who divided the empire into two parts, in order to make it easier to govern.he kept control of the wealthier eastern part himself but appointed a co-emperor to rule the western provinces. He also tried to increase the prestige of the emperor by surrounding himself with elaborate ceremonies. His reforms include fixed prices for goods and services, farmers had to remain on their land, and sons had to follow their fathers’ occupation.
- How many miles of Road did Rome have?
- 50,000 miles
- How many people live in Rome?
- 50-60 million people
- Romance languages
-
French, Italian, and Spanish
are romance languages because they grew from Latin - Rubicon River
- Caesar crossed this river and trigger a civil war
- Gaul
- Ancient region and Roman province that included most of present day France
- Julius Caesar
- a commander who in 59 B.C. set out with his army to make new conquests. After 9 years of fighting he succeeded in bringing Gaul under Roman control. His enemies feared he would become king of Rome so the stabbed him to death in the senate, on March 15, 44 B.C.
- A.D.
- stands for Anno Domini, which means "in the year of our lord"
- Pontius Pilate
- a Roman governor who gave orders to King Herod, who was king of the Jews
- Hadrian
- A roman emperor who constructed Hadrian’s wall in Britain,and built many fine buildings, as well as codified Roman law, making it the same for all provinces.
- Huns
- a nomadic people. The wars sent them migrating across central Asia and by 350 they reached eastern Europe. Thy were skilled riders who fought fierce battles in order to dislodge the Germanic people in their path.
- Visigoths
- they sought safety by crossing into Roman territory, hoping to settle on Roman land.
- Alaric
- A visigoth general who in 410 overran Italy and plundered Rome.
- St. Paul
-
A Jew who converted to Christian after having a vision of Jesus, he spread Christianity beyond Jewish
communities to gentiles, or non-Jews - Attila
- the hun leader who started out on a savage campaign of conquest across Europe, in 434 A.D. Christians called him "Scourage of God" because they believed his attacks were a punishment for the sins of humankind. He died in 453 A.D.
- Odoacer
- a Germanic leader who in 476 A.D. ousted the emperor of Rome.
- Edict of Milan
- it granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire. It was issued by emperor Constantine in 313 A.D. and ended the persecution of Christians
- Nero
- a bad emperor who reigned from 54-68 A.D. He murdered his mother, sister, and lover. He also introduced Christians being put into the Colosseum with lions.
- Caligula
- another bad emperor who reigned from 37-41 A.D. He murdered his mother and appointed his favorite horse as consul.
- What Caused the Fall of Rome?
-
1) Military had greatly weakened and the constant Germanic invasions
2)Political and Economical problems: Rome lost the support of its people and the number of corrupt officials was increasing
3)Social causes: decline in values such as patriotism, discipline, and devotion to duty. - William
- He exerted firm control over his lands; had the Domesday Book compiled
- HenryII
- He broadened system of royal justice, laying basis for English common law; began jury system
- John
- He lost war against Phillip II; He battled with Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated; signed Magna Carta
- Edward I
- He stregthened power of Parliament
- Hugh Capet
- Increased royal power and built an effective bureaucracy
- Philip Augustus
- He strenghtened royal government; introduced a new national tax
- Louis IX
- He expanded royal, outlawed private wars, and ended serfdom in his lands; named a saint.