US IDS CH 26

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

court- packing plan: Roosevelt tried to put an extra justice on the Supreme Court for every justice over 70 years old who wouldn't retire. These justices would be supporters of Roosevelt and there would be a maximum of 15 judges. The plan failed. Congress would not accept.
social security act: created a federal insurance program based on the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers thoughout people's working careers. They would receive this money in a monthly pension when they reached the age of 65. The unemployed, disabled, and mothers with dependent children would also receive this money.
frazier-lemke farm bankruptcy act: enabled some farmers to regain their land even after the foreclosure of mortgages. Despite such efforts, 25 percent of all American farm owners lost their land by 1934.
glass steagal act: In 1933, this act allowed the banks to reopen and it gave the president the power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange.
farm credidt administration: since mortgage relief was a pressing need for millions of farm owners and homeowners, this administration, in two years refinanced one fifth of all farm mortgages in the U.S., and served as response to that problem.
national recovery adminstration: a new federal agency, directed by Hugh Johnson, and founded in 1933 to carry out the plans of the National Industry Recovery Act to fight depression. It established code authorities for each branch of industry or business. The code authorities set the lowest prices that could be charged, the lowest wages that could be paid, and the standards of quality that must be observed.
works progress administration: Congress created this in 1935 as an agency that gave jobs to people who needed them. They worked on bridges, roads, and buildings. They spent 11 billion dollars and gave almost 9 million people jobs. It was one of the New Deal Agencies.
truth in securities act: passed by Congress to restore confidence in the stock market, required corporations issuing new securities to provide full and accurate information about them to the public.
national labor relations board: Created by the National Labor Relations Act, also known as the Wagner Act it was created in the 1930's by congressman Wagner who was sympathetic to labor unions. The National Labor Relation Board was an administrative board that gave laborers the rights of self-organization and collective bargaining.
huey long/ share our wealth plan: The Share the Wealth society was founded in 1934 by Senator Huey Long of Louisiana. He called for the confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million and a 100% tax on annual incomes over $1 million. He was assassinated in 1935 and his successor Gerald K. Smith lacked the ability to be a strong head of the society.( distributed money to the poor)
economy act: proposed by FDR, designed to convince the public (especially the business community) that the federal government was in safe, responsible hands. The act proposed to balance the federal budget by cutting the salaries of government employees and reducing pensions to veterans by as much as 15 percent.
schecter case: a Supreme Court case involving alleged NRA code violations by the Schechter brothers, who operated a wholesale poultry business in Brooklyn, NY. The Court ruled unanimously that they were not engaged in interstate commerce, (not subject for federal regulation, and that Congress had unconstitutionally delegated legislative powers to the president to draft the NRA codes. The justices struck down the legislation establishing the agency.
emergency banking act: a generally conservative bill designed to protect the larger banks from being dragged down by the weakness of smaller ones. The bill provided for Treasury inspection of all banks before they could reopen, federal assistance to some troubled institution, and for a thorough reorganization of the banks in the greatest difficulty.
john collier/ indian reorganizaiton act: Collier, the commissioner of Indian affairs, favored legislation that would reverse the pressures of Native Americans to assimilate and allow them to remain Indians, the act he proposed restored the tribes the right to own land collectively and elect tribal governments, causing an increase in tribal land by nearly 4 million acres, and an increase in Indian agricultural income.
american federation of labor: remained committed on the idea of the craft union, but this didn't offer much to unskilled laborers, who made up most of the work force. A new concept of labor organization: industrial unionism challenged the AFL's ideas. Advocates of this approach argued that all workers in a particular industry should be organized in a single union, regardless of what functions the workers performed. United in this way, workers could increase their power.
home owners loan corporation: along with farm owners, homeowners were too troubled, and this administration was established to refinance the mortgages of more than 1 million householders.
federal emergency relief administration/ harry hopkins: provided cash grants to states to prop up bankrupt relief agencies. To administer the program, he chose the director of the NY State relief agency, Harry Hopkins. Both Hopkins and Roosevelt had misgivings about establishing a government dole. The felt more comfortable with another form of government assistance: work relief.
soil conservation and domestic allotment act: 1936, AAA appropriated funds for soil conservation payments to farmers who would remove land from production.
21st amendment: ended prohibition and allowed the distribution and drinking of alcoholic beverages to commence once again. (increased demand for grain)
tennesee valley authority: First Government owned corporation. Started to create jobs and build dams in the Tennessee River Valley to supply electricity to poorer areas after the depression.
francis townsend/ townsend plan: Townshend was a retired physician who developed a plan in which the government would give monetary resources to senior citizens ages sixty and over. This plan was a type of pension for older Americans. The Old Age Revolving Pension Plan, proposed that every retired person over 60 receive a pension of $200 a month (about twice the average week's salary), and required that the money be spent within the month. He had a lot of followers, people who thought FDR wasn't doing enough.
charles coughlin/ national union for social justice: Headed the National Union for Social Justice. Began as a religious radio broadcaster, but turned to politics and finance and attracted an audience of millions from many faiths. Promoted inflationary currency, and anti-Semitism. He began broadcasting in 1930; called the "microphone messiah"; slogan was "Social Justice"; silenced in 1942 when his broadcasts became too radical.
federal housing administration: Established by Congress to insure mortgages for new construction and home repairs.
civil works administration: Hired unemployed workers to do make-shift jobs like sweeping streets. Sent men ages 18-24 to camps to work on flood control, soil conservation, and forest projects under the War Department. A small monthly payment was made to the family of each member.
bank holiday: the panic about the bank failures was so great, that Roosevelt's decision to close all banks for four days (going on Holiday), created a general sense of relief and hope among the people.
hugh johnson/ blanket code: The NRA called on every business in the nation to accept a temporary "blanket code"; a minimum wage of between 30 and 40 cents an hour, a maximum workweek of thirty- five to forty hours, and the abolition of child labor.
agricultural adjustment administration: under the Agricultural Adjustment Act producers of seven basic commodities (wheat, cotton, corn, hogs, rice, tobacco, and dairy products) would decide on production limits for their crops. The government would then tell individual farmers how much they should produce and would pay them subsidies for leaving some of their land idle. A tax on food processing would provide the funds for the new payments.
john j. lewis/ congress of industrial organization: expanded the constituency of the labor movement, was more receptive to women and blacks than the AFL, in part because CIO organizing drives targeted previously unorganized industries where women and minorities constituted much of the work force.
rural electrification administration: worked to make electrical power available for the first time to thousands of farmers through utility cooperatives.
fair labor standards act: June 1938 - Set maximum hours at 40 hours a week and minimum wage at 20 cents an hour (gradually rose to 40 cents).
resettlement administration/ farm security administration: provided loans to help farmers cultivating submarginal soil to relocate to better lands. But the program moved no more than a few thousand farmers
federal deposit insurance corporation: federal agency which insures bank deposits, created by the Glass-Strengall Banking Reform Act of 1933.
american liberty league: The Liberty League consisted of the conservatives that opposed the New Deal introduced by FDR. Their common opinion was that FDR was pushing the United States too close to socialism. They saw the New Deal as being more apt to hurt United States economics than to help it. (Herbert Hoover and General Motors)
united auto workers/ sit down strike: although the UAW gained recruits, it made little progress in winning recognition from the corporations. But autoworkers in several GM plants in Detroit employed a controversial and effective new technique for challenging corporate opposition: the sit down strike. Workers simply sat down inside the plants, refusing either to work or to leave, thus preventing the company from using strikebreakers. Due to the effectiveness of the strikes, GM became the first major manufacturer to recognize the UAW; other automobile companies soon did the same.
robert wagner/ wagner act: May 1935 - Replaced Section 7A of the NIRA. It reaffirmed labor's right to unionize, prohibited unfair labor practices, and created the National Labor Relations Board.
francis perkins/ pin money worker: Perkins spoke out against this idea: the married woman working to earn extra money for the household. New Deal agencies offered relatively little employment for women. The Social Security program excluded domestic servants, waitresses and other predominately female occupations. Afterall, during the time of the New Deal, it was believed that women should withdrawal from the workplace to open up more jobs for men.
second new deal: FDR enjoyed remarkable popularity his first two years in office, but by early 1935, the New Deal found itself the target of fierce public criticism. In the spring of 1935, partly in response to attacks FDR launched an ambitious new program of legislation. The policies shifted in the administrations attitude toward big businesses, the president was now more willing to attack corporate industries openly.
civilian conservation corps: The CCC was created by the Unemployment Relief Act of 1933. It provided employment in government camps for 3 million uniformed single, young men during the Great Depression. The work they were involved in included reforestation, fire fighting, flood control, and swamp drainage.
roosevelt recession: the recession of 1937, known to the president's critics as this, was a result of the administrations decision to reduce spending, at least that is what many observers and the president himself thought. In April 1938 he asked Congress for an emergency appropriation of 5 billion dollars for public works and relief programs, and government funds began pouring into the economy again, and another tentative recover seemed under way.
securities and exchange commission: 1934 - Created to supervise stock exchanges and to punish fraud in securities trading, by policing the stock market.

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 40