Pharmacology CH16
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- magnesium causes which side effect?
- diarrhea
- aluminum causes which side effect?
- constipation
- Amphojel is which kind of antacid? (what's in it?)
- aluminum
- Tums is which kind of antacid? (what's in it?)
- calcium carbonate
- generic name for Zantac?
- ranitidine
- generic name for Tagamet?
- cimetidine
- generic name for Pepcid?
- famotidine
- generic name for Axid?
- nizatidine
- generic name for Cytotec?
- misoprostol
- generic name for Prilosec?
- omeprazole
- generic name for Prevacid?
- lansoprazole
- generic name for Carafate?
- sucralfate
- generic name for Azulfidine?
- sulfasalazine
- generic name for Cystospaz?
- hyoscyamine
- generic name for Lomotil?
- diphenoxylate -c atropine
- generic name for Imodium?
- loperamide
- generic name for Lactinex?
- lactobacillus acidophilus
- generic name for docusate?
- Colace
- generic name for Dramamine?
- dimenhydrinate
- generic name for Antivert?
- meclizine
- generic name for Reglan?
- metoclopramide
- generic name forCompazine
- prochlorperazine
- generic name for Dulcolax?
- bisacodyl
- generic name for Enulose?
- lactulose
- generic name for Phenergan?
- promethazine
- generic name for Transderm-Scop?
- scopolamine
- T/F: antacids reduces gastric acid?
- F - it neutralizes it
- T/F: Azulfidine is used for IBS and ulcerated colitis?
- T
- T/F: Carafate reduces gastric acid?
- F - it decreases pepsin and makes paste
- T/F: Tagamet and Zantac can be used long term?
- F - nasty side effects
- T/F: Recurrent, resistant ulcers can be caused by H pylori?
- T
- T/F: Metamucil should not be taken daily?
- F - it is the only laxative that can be daily
- T/F: Stimulant laxatives can cause dependence?
- T
- T/F: Tums can cause constipation?
- T
- T/F: Amphojel can cause constipation?
- T
- T/F: If antacids are taken w/in 2 hrs, digoxin effectiveness is reduced?
- T
- T/F: Zantac and Tagamet are histamine2 receptor antagonists?
- T
- T/F: Pepcid causes gynecomastia?
- F
- T/F: Pepcid has the same side effects as Zantac and Tagamet?
- F - it has fewer
- Which anti-ulcer med is an antisecretory agent but not histamine2 antag.
- Prilosec
- Name 2 proton pump inhibitors
- Prilosec and Prevacid
- How does Carafate work?
- reacts with hcl to form a paste to stick to mucosa
- Which anti-ulcer med is an inhibitor of pepsin?
- Carafate (sucralfate)
- Name the anticholinergic that is used adjunct in peptic ulcer Tx?
- Cystospaz (hyoscyamine)
- How does Azulfidine work?
- anti-inflammaroty in GI tract
- T/F: Cystospaz is an antispasmotic / anticholinergic?
- T
- Side effects of Cystospaz are ___________ in nature?
- anti-cholinergic (dry mouth, blurred vision, etc)
- List the anti-cholinergic side effects.
- dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary reten, confusion
- List the ant-acid meds
- Amphojel, Tums, Maalox, Mylanta
- List the Anti-ulcer / GERD meds that are histamine2 receptor antagonists
- Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid, Axid
- List the anti-ulcer / Gerd meds that inhibit secretion by being similar to prostaglandin E1
- Cytotec
- List the Anti-ulcer / GERD meds that are proton pump inhibitors
- Prilosec, Prevacid, Protonix, Aciphex
- List the anti-diarrhea med that absorbs to achieve a drying effect
- Kaopectate
- List the anti-diarrhea med that slows intestinal motility
- Lomotil, Imodium
- List the anti-diarrhea med that is an acid-producing bacterium used along with antibiotics
- Lactinex
- List the antiflatulent meds
- simethicone
- What are the side effects of the antflatulent med?
- none, but contraindicated in infant colic - no info
- List the Bulk-forming laxatives
- Metamucil
- What meds cause anticholinergic side effects?
- Lomotil, Cytospaz
- How should metamucil be taken?
- mixed in a full glass of h2o, followed by full glass h2o
- How long does it take for metamucil to work?
- 12-72 hours
- How often should metamucil be given?
- 1-3 times per day
- Who is metamucil the med of choice for?
- geriatrics and/or laxative-dependent patients
- What Dx is metamucil also used for?
- maintainence of diverticulosis
- T/F: metamucil is used for chronic, watery diarrhea?
- T - it adds bulk to the stools
- What are the contraindications for metamucil?
- abd pain, partial bowel obstr., dysphagia, esoph obstr.
- List the stool softener meds
- Colace (docusate), senna
- What is the onset of colace?
- 12-72 hours
- What group are stool softeners the drug of choice for?
- pregnant or nursing women, children -c dry, hard stools
- What are the side effects of mineral oil?
- anal irritation, malabsorption of fat sol vitamins
- List the saline laxatives
- MOM, citrate of magnesia
- How often should saline laxatives be given?
- single doses only, infrequently
- List side effects of saline laxatives
- E imbalance, weakness, sedation, confusion, edema, cardiac, renal, ahe hepatic complications
- Onset of saline laxatives
- 0.5 - 3 hours
- List the stimulant laxatives
- senna, cascara, castor oil, aloe, bisacodyl (Bisacolax)
- What were the Anti-ulcer / GERD meds that are histamine2 receptor antagonists again?
- Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid, Axid
- When should stimulant laxatives be used?
- pre-op, proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, post barium xrays, whenever rapid evacuation is required
- What is the onset of stimulant laxatives?
- 0.25 - 8 hours (have a catcher's mit ready)
- How do the stimulant laxatives work?
- by producing strong peristaltic activity
- Can stimulant laxatives cause nausea?
- Yes
- List the other side effects of stimulant laxatives.
- abd cramps, rectal/colon irritation (supp), loss of normal bowel function -c prolonged use, E imbalance -c prolonged use, discoloration of urine -c senna and cascara
- What is a major concern with prolonged use of stimulant laxatives?
- habit forming, can lose normal bowel function
- List the hyperosmotic laxatives
- Lactulose, Glycerin
- How do the hyperosmotic laxatives work?
- draws water from tissues into feces, reflexive evacuation
- List the 3 most common antiemetics
- Torecan, Compazine, Tigan
- List the common antiemetics used in preop, postop and chemo
- Phenergan, zofran, Kytril, Anzemet
- List the common antiemetics used for motion sickness prevention
- Dramamine, scopolamine
- When should you give Dramamine?
- 30 minutes before motion
- What is Trans-scop?
- scopolamine patch applied 4 hrs b4 and lasts for 72 hrs
- T/F: Dramamine is available IM, but scopolamine is not.
- F - both are available in IM form
- Which antiemetic is used for treating Sx of Meniere's disease?
- Antivert (meclizine), treats the sx of the vertigo
- Which one causes more drowsiness, meclizine or Dramamine?
- Dramamine
- List the side effects of antiemetics
- confusion, anxiety, restlessness, sedation, vertigo, weakness, depression, dry mouth, blurred vision, EPSE(esp in children, elderly with compazine), cardiac arrhythmias- if IV to fast.
- Which antiemetic works by stimulating upper GI motility (gastric emptying)
- Reglan
- List all the meds that cause ESPE
- Reglan, Compazine,
- List the med that can cause spontaneous abortion
- Cytotec, (misoprostol)
- What is a major concern with prolonged use of antacids?
- May mask symptoms of GI bleeding or malignancy