medical gases
Terms
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- How does the cardiopulmonary system compensate for hypoxemia?
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1)By increasing ventilation
2)By increasing cardiac output - Respiratory signs of hypoxemia
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1)mild-tachypnea, dyspnea, paleness
2)severe-cyanosis, coma, clubbing - Cardiovascular symptoms of hypoxemia
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1)Mild-tachycardia, mild hypertension, peripheral vasoconstriction
2)severe--hypertension and eventual hypotension - Neurologic
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1)mild-restlessness, disorientation, headaches, lassitude
2)somnolence,confusion,distressed appearance, blurred/tunnel vision, loss of coordination, slow reaction time, manic-depressive activity - Oxygen toxicity symptoms
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1)damage to capillary endothelium
2)damage to type one alveolar cells, exudative phase
3) Pulmonary fibrosis and hypertension - FiO2 greater than 0.5
- Causes risk of absorption atalectasis
- Nasal cannula
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1) 2-8 L
2) FiO2 22-45 % - Simple Mask
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1) 5-12 L/M
2) 35-50% - Partial Rebreather
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1) 6-10 L/M
2)35-60% - Nonrebreather
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1) 6-10 L/M
2)55%-70% - Venti mask
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1) should be greater than 60 L/M
2)Fi02 24-50% - Factors that INCREASE FiO2 in low flow systems
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1) Higher O2 input
2)closed mouth breathing on cannula
3)low inspiratory flow
4)low tidal volume
5)slow RR
6)small minute volume
7)Long inspiratory time
8) High I:E ratio - Factors that DECREASE Fi02 in low flow systems
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1) Low O2
2)Open mouth breathing
3)High inspiratory flow
4)High tidal volume
5)Fast RR
6)Large minute ventilation
7)Short inspiratory time
8) Low I:E ratio - Three types of resovoir masks
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1)simple mask
2) partial rebreather
3) non rebreather