end of year vocab list
ch. 20-ch 35 vocab for Mr. Blair's 7th grade history kennedy middle school
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- latitude
- a measure of how far north or south a place on Earth is from the equator 33
- dissect
- to cut and separate the parts of a living thing for scientific study 30
- stele
- a stone slab or pillar with carvings or inscriptions (27)
- courtier
- a member of a ruler's court 21-22
- dialect
- a regional variety of a language (27)
- colony
- a country or an area ruled by another country 33
- engraving
- a print of an image that has been engraved, or etched, in a hard surface, such as metal (30)
- Holy Communion
- in Christian ritual, the sharing of bread and wine that has been consecrated by a priest or minister (also called the Eucharist) (32)
- imperial
- belonging or related to an emperor (20)
- tolerance
- the acceptance of different beliefs and customs 35
- polygamy
- marriage in which a man or a woman has more than one spouse (25)
- papacy
- the office, or position, of pope as head of the Catholic Church 31
- satire
- a work that uses sharp humor to attack people (30)
- Old Testament
- the first part of the Christian Bible, corresponding to the Jewish Bible (31)
- suspension bridge
- a bridge whose roadway is held up by cables that are anchored on each end of the bridge (27)
- market economy
- an economy in which prices are determined by the buying and selling decisions of individuals in the market place 33
- nationalism
- identification with and devotion to , the interests of one's nation (32)
- humanities
- areas of study that focus on human life and culture, such as history, literature, and ethics 28
- theocracy
- a government or state in which God is the supreme ruler and religious officials govern in God's name 32
- perspective
- the appearance of distance or depth on a flat surface, as in a painting 28
- communal
- shared by a community or group (26)
- axis
- an imaginary line drawn through a sphere, or ball, such as Earth 30
- rationalism
- belief in reason and logic as the primary source of knowledge (34)
- hypothesis
- an idea or assumption to be tested in an experiment (34)
- coming-of-age ceremony
- a ceremony that celebrates the end of childhood and acceptance into the adult community (23)
- longitude
- a measure of how far east or west a place on Earth is from an imaginary line that runs between the North and South Poles (33)
- oracle
- a person through whom a god or spirit is believed to speak (26)
- syllable
- a unit of sound in a word; for example, unit has two syllables "u" and 'nit" (20)
- armada
- a large fleet of ships (30)
- slash-and-burn agriculture
- a farming technique in which vegetation is cut away and burned to clear land for growing crops 23
- pen name
- a name used in place of a writer's real name 35
- solar year
- the time it takes Earth to travel once around the sun (27)
- mass
- the amount of matter in an object (34)
- martial arts
- styles of fighting or self defense, such as modern day judo and karate, that mostly began in Asia 22
- proportion
- the relative sizes of things, such as the length of an arm compared to the overall size of the human body (30)
- alliance
- a group of countries, city-states, or other entities who agree to work together, often to fight common enemies (24)
- hieroglyphic
- writing that uses pictures as symbols (23)
- pictograph
- a written symbol that represents an idea or object 27
- geocentric
- having Earth at the center 34
- data
- facts or information 34
- original sin
- in Christian belief, the sinful state into which all people are born (32)
- circulation
- the movement of blood through the body 29
- oppression
- cruel or unjust treatment (35)
- pulpit
- a platform or other structure in a church from which a priest or minister preaches 32
- corruption
- dishonest or illegal practices, especially involving money (21)
- glyph
- a symbol or character in a hieroglyphic system of writing 27
- comedy
- an amusing play with a happy ending 30
- sacrifice
- a gift of an animal for slaughter as a way to honor gods 23
- denomination
- a particular religious grouping within a larger faith (31)
- pagoda
- a tower shaped structure with several stories and roofs (20)
- absolute monarchy
- a monarchy in which the ruler's power is unlimited (32)
- playwright
- an authour of plays (30)
- mystic
- a person who is devoted to religion and has spiritual experiences (31)
- litter
- a seat or chair on which a person is carried; a kind of carriage for high ranking people (26)
- republic
- a form of government in which people elect representatives to rule in their name (28)
- capitalism
- an economic system based on investment of money (capital) for profit (33)
- plaza
- a public square or other open area in a city where people can gather (24)
- subject
- a person under the rule of a monarch (30)
- blasphemy
- an act of disrespect toward God 32
- pok-a-tok
- a Mayan ball game that had religious significance (23)
- divination
- the art of telling the future or finding hidden knowledge through religious means 26
- separation of powers
- the division of powers among separate branches of government (35)
- despotism
- rule by a despot or tyrant 35
- trephination
- a type of surgery that involves penetrating the skull 27
- barometer
- an instrument used for measuring changes in the pressure of the atmosphere (34)
- aristocracy
- a ruling class of noble families 20
- semidivine
- more than human but not fully a god 25
- scripture
- sacred writings; in Chrisitianity, the Bible (32)
- plantation
- a large farm where crops such a sugar, rubber or tobacco are grown 33
- heliocentric
- having the sun at the center (34)
- hereditary
- passed on from parent to child; inherited (25)
- tragedy
- a serious play with a sad ending 30
- social pyramid
- a social structure in the shape of a pyramid, with layers representing social classes of different rank or status (23)
- dike
- a wall or dam built to hold back water and prevent flooding (24)
- massacre
- the killing of many helpless or unresisting people (32)
- capital punishment
- punishment by death (the death penalty)(35)
- imagery
- descriptive or imaginative language, especially when used to inspire mental "pictures" (21)
- northwest passage
- a water route through North America connectiing the Atlantic an Pacific Oceans 33
- thermometer
- an instrument used for measuring temperature (34)
- caravel
- a light sailing ship that is easy to maneuver and can sail in shallow water 33
- projectile
- an object that is fired or launched such as a cannonball (34)
- bill of rights
- a list of basic human rights that a government must protect (35)
- daimyo
- a local lord in Japan in the era of the samurai (22)
- mercenary
- a soldier who is paid to fight for another country or group (24)
- strait
- a narrow body of water that connects two seas 33
- doctrine
- the official teachings of a religion or church (31)
- cartography
- the art and science of mapmaking (33)
- ward
- a neighborhood that is a political unit within a city (25)
- Noh theater
- a classic form of Japanese drama involving heroic themes, a chorus, and dance (21)
- natural rights
- rights that belong to people "by nature" that is, simply because they are human beings 35
- circumnavigate
- to travel completely around something, such as Earth (33)
- dowry
- a gift of money or goods presented to a man or a woman upon marriage (25)
- constitutional monarchy
- a form of government in which the monarch's power is limited by a basic set of laws, or constitution 35
- cottage industry
- a small scale business in which people work mostly at home (33)
- inflation
- an increase in the supply of money compared to goods, resulting in higher prices (33)
- mercantilism
- an economic policy by which nations try to gather as much gold and silver as possible by controlling trade and establishing colonies (33)
- missionary
- a person who works to spread a religion and make converts (32)
- hoist
- a mechanical device used to lift people or heavy objects 29
- patron
- a person who supports the arts or other activities by supplying money for them 28-29
- ayllu
- an Inca clan (group of related families) the basic unit of Inca society (26)
- New Testament
- the second part of the Christian Bible, which includes the Gospels and other writings of the early Christian church 31
- woodcut
- a print of an image that has been carved in wood (30)
- social contract
- an agreement in which people give up certain powers in return for the benefits of government (35)
- orbit
- the path that one heavenly body (such as a planet) follows around another (such as the sun) (34)
- criminology
- the scientific study of crime and punishment 35
- simony
- the buying and selling of spiritual or holy things (31)
- epidemic
- an outbreak of a disease that affects many people within a geographic area 33
- indulgence
- a grant by the Catholic Church that released a person from punishment for sins (31)
- chapel
- a room, sometimes inside a larger church, set aside for prayer and worship 30
- shogun
- the head of the military government of Japan in the era of the samurai 22
- microscope
- an instrument that uses lenses to make small objects appear larger 34
- secular
- relating to earthly life rather thatn to religion or spiritual matters (28-29)
- heresy
- beliefs that contrdict the official teachings of a religion or church; one who holds such beliefs is called a heretic 31
- causeway
- a raised road built across water or low ground 24
- meditation
- a spiritual discipline that involves deep relaxation and an emptying of distracting thoughts from the mind 20
- regent
- one who rules in the name of another (20)
- aviary
- an enclosed space or cage for keeping birds 24
- Puritan
- a Protestant who wated to "purify" the Anglican Church of Catholic elements 32
- New World
- the name given by Europeans to the Americas, which were unknown in Europe before the voyages of Christopher Columbus (30)
- city-state
- an independent state consisiting of a city and its surrounding territory (28)
- predestination
- the belief that the fate of each soul was decided by God at the beginning fo time 32
- Mesoamerica
- "middle America" the region extending from modern day Mexico through Central America 23
- ritual
- a set of actions that is always performed the same way as part of a religious ceremony 23