Bio chapter 6 Vocab
Terms
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- nuclear envelope
- The pair of membranes that surrounds the nucleus.
- hydrophilic head
- This part of the phospholipid molecule is composed of a phosphate group and is attracted to water.
- arm
- Curved portion of the microscope that you should hold onto when carrying the microscope.
- flagella
- Long, whip-like structures that are used for locomotion in some cells...the only human cells to have these structures are human sperm cells.
- diaphragm
- Controls the amount of light entering the microscope.
- endocytosis
- Movement of materials into cells by vesicles.
- TEM
- Type of electron microscope used for viewing the internal structures of cells.
- vacuoles
- Large, membrane-bound sacs used for storage...some are used to pump out excess water in freshwater organisms...while others are large storage areas for food and water in plants.
- lamp
- The type of light souces our microscopes had that we used in class.
- body tube
- Portion of the microscope in which light travels from the eyepiece to the objective lens.
- prokaryotic cells
- These cells do not have a nucleus nor do they have any membrane-bound organelles...examples include Archae and Bacteria cells.
- exocytosis
- The process by which materials leave or exit the cell by vesicles.
- ribosomes
- Tiny organelles that produce proteins for the cell...some are found free floating in the cytoplasm, while others can be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticullum.
- thylakoid membranes
- Individual solar collecting structures found in chloroplasts...stacks of these are called grana.
- stage clip
- Part of the microscope that holds the slide onto the stage and keeps the slide from moving around while viewing.
- chloroplast
- Photosynthetic organelles of plant cells and some protist cells.
- microscope
- Tool used by scientists to study objects that are too small to be seen with the nake eye.
- cilia
- Short, hair-like extensions that can be used for locomotion and also for food gathering as in the case of the paramecium.
- organelles
- "Mini organs" that carry out life activities for the cell.
- cytoplasm
- Gel-like substance that composes the majority of the inside of a cell...it is composed of mostly water.
- objectives
- Found on the revolving nosepiece and are usually 4x, 10x, or 43x.
- phospholipid molecules
- Main structural components of cells.
- SEM
- The electron microscope used to view the surfaces of cells.
- nucleus
- The control center of a cell.
- active transport
- Type of movement that requires energy...the movement occurs from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
- eukaryotic
- Type of cell that has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles...examples would include animal, plant, fungi, and protist cells.
- dynamic equilibrium
- Occurs when all concentrations of materials are equal...movement will still continue, but will occur in both directions.
- cell walls
- These structures are found only in plant cells and some bacteria cells...these provide extra support and protection for the cell.
- stroma
- The liquid portion of a chloroplast...photosynthesis takes place in this part of the chloroplast.
- endoplasmic reticullum
- An extensive network of membranes found inside a cell.
- microtubules
- Straight, hollow tubes made of proteins that give rigidity and shape to the cell.
- base
- The bottom of the microscope which you should support when carrying the microscope.
- turgor pressure
- Water pressure against the cell walls of plant cells and helps give the cell shape and integrity.
- passive transport
- Movement of materials that does not require the cell to expend extra energy...examples include diffusion, osmosis, a facilitated diffusion.
- plasma membrane
- Also called the "cell membrane", this structure defines the outer boundary of the cell and is selectively permeable.
- osmosis
- The diffusion of water through a membrane.
- revolving nosepiece
- Part of the microscope that contains the different objectives.
- mitochondria
- Organelles that carry out cellular respiration for the cell...these are also nicknamed the cell's "powerhouses".
- hydrophobic tail
- Fatty acid part of the phospholipid molecule that repels water.
- diffusion
- Movement of materials from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration...this is a form of passive transport and would also describe osmosis.
- nucleolus
- Ball-like mass of fibers found in the center of the nucleus...this contains parts that make up the organelles called ribosomes.
- grana
- Stacks of thylakoid membranes found in the chloroplast.
- microfilament
- Thin, solid rods of proteins that enable the cell to move and change their shape.
- stage
- Place where the slide rests on the microscope when viewing.
- membrane proteins
- Embedded proteins that perform specific functions for the cell membrane.
- eyepiece
- Also called the ocular... this is the part of the microscope you look through...it usually has a magnification of 10x or 15x.