LAMMERS BIO CHAPTER NINE
Terms
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- Electron transport chain
- Series of proteins embedded in a membrane in which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released
- Citric acid cycle
- In cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions break down glucose and make ATP;energized electron carriers pass this on to the electronic transport chain Lactic acid fermentation Anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, then used in glycolysis; energy for aerobic resp when oxygen is scarce Alcoholic fermentation Anaerobic process where cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; bacteria/fungi such as yeasts
- ATP(adenosine triphosphate)
- Energy-storing molecules in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups; energy is stored and can be used quickly and easily by cells
- Light-independent reactions
- Phase of photo-syn-is where energy from light-dependent reactions is used to produce glucose and additional ATP molecules
- NADP+
- Electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electron molecules it becomes NADPH
- pigments
- Molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight
- Light-dependent reactions
- Phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in splitting of water and release of oxygen
- Aerobic
- Chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen
- glycolysis
- In cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that break down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms net profit of 2 ATP molecules
- photosynthesis
- Process of autotroghs(plant/algae), trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use the energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars
- photolysis
- takes place in the thykaloid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependent reactions where 2 molecules of water are split into oxygen,hydrogen ions and electrons Calvin cycle Series of reactions during the light-independent phase of pho-syn-is in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from light-dep. reactions Cellular respiration Chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; 3 stages-glycosis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain
- anaerobic
- Chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen
- ADP(adenosine diphosphate)
- Molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group for ATP; results in a large release of energy that is used for biological reactions
- chlorophyll
- Light absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green