Ecology
Ecology Test
Terms
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- Grasslands
- grasses, few trees - dry hot summer, cold winters, irregular precip - rich and deep soil
- nitrification
- NO2 (nitrate) becomes NO3 (nitrate), usable by plants
- s-curve
- pionneer to climax community growth
- dune plants importantcy
- prevent erosion
- sine curve
- predator/prey
- water heats by...
- power plants, excess pollutants, bacteria release heat as they decompose, warm summer
- percolation test
- how easily water can flow through a medium
- bacteria
- Kind of organisms in the soil involved in every step of the nitrogen cycle
- Darwin
- English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
- NO2
- nitrate
- nitrogen fixation
- N2 (gas) becomes NO3 (nitrate) and can be taken in by plants
- how clams get it
- clams filter feed... accumulate algae and neurotoxin
- Morphological adaptation
- outward body structure
- scavenger carnivore
- eats already dead meat (vulture, lobster)
- exponential phase
- 2 in s-curve
- Carson
- United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964) (book - "silent spring")
- Biome
- A combination of many ecosystems which share the same climate and vegetation
- paralytic shellfish poisoning
- paralyzes muscles...can't breathe... die
- mutualism
- both benefit (rhino, tickbird)
- parasite
- lives off of living things (tape worm, tick)
- parasitism
- one benefits, one harmed (tapeworm)
- heterotroph
- must take in food
- nekton
- swimmers
- niche problem
- No 2 species can be in the same niche at the same time in the same place
- symbiotic
- Any interrelationship between organisms that are necessary for them to live
- primary carnivore
- eats herbivors
- ammonification
- waste/urine and dead organic matter converted from NH3 (ammonia) into NH4 (also converts N2 to NH4)
- carnivore
- meat eater (wolf, bass)
- Taiga
- pine, conifers - short cool summer, long cold winter, lots of snow and rain - acidic soil
- pyrrophyta produce
- neurotoxin (nerve poison)
- Temperate Deciduous forest
- deciduous (oak, maple, poplar) - warm summer, cold winter, moderate precip - good, deep soil
- niche
- an organism's role in its environment (who eats it, what it eats, etc...)
- population
- a group of organisms of the same kind in a particular place and time
- decomposer
- breaks down (recycles) dead organisms into original nutrients (bacteria, fungi, maggots, earthworms)
- biological magnification
- DDT spayed to kill insects... not biodegradable... stays in ground and in living tissue and can be passed on
- lag phase
- 1 in s-curve
- commensalism
- one benefits, one unaffected (shark, remora)
- planktonic
- free floaters
- physiological examples
- deer metabolism, hibernate, estivate, dormancy, shiver, countercurrent exchangers
- 7 pH
- neutral
- Tundra
- lichen - short cool summer, long cold winter, low precip - shallow permafrost
- C02
- carbon dioxide from power plants, cars, etc...
- omnivore
- all eater (plants and animals) (man, bear)
- Desert
- cacti - hot days, cold nights, low precip - dry, poor soil
- density independent factors
- factors which effect a population the same regardless of population size (fire, pH, temperature)
- herbivore
- eats producers (usually plants) (rabbit, guppy)
- How biotic affects abiotic
- tree blocks sun from getting to flowers
- hibernate
- metabolic rate change
- decomposing
- major niche of bacteria
- predation
- hunter / hunted (wolves, deer)
- Morphological examples
- jack rabbit ears (large) vs. hare ears (small)... they lose heat through ears, fur growth/loss, antlers, tree lose leaves, color change chameleon, fat buildup in bears
- Red tide cause
- heated water... algal bloom from pyrrophyta... Dinoflagellates (red color)... bioluminescent
- density
- number of organisms per area
- Legumes
- Plant organisms involved in getting nitrogen gas into NO3
- DDE
- prevents calcium in eggshells... birds crush eggs when incubating... endangered species
- secondary carnivore
- meat eater that eats a meat eater
- Biological control
- Using another species or population to control the growth rate of a particular population
- carrying capacity
- number of organisms that can be supported in a given area under given conditions
- organisms effected by redtide
- clams, mussels, quahogs, scallops (bivalves)
- 1 pH
- acidic
- assimilation (eating)
- how the animals get nitrogen
- Tropical Rainforest
- vines, ferns, large leaf plants - hot humid, constant temp, rainy and dry season - shallow poor nutrients in trees
- exponential curve
- human population
- mammals that hibernate
- jumping mouse, little brown bat, woodchuck
- CFC's
- creating holes in ozone
- demographics
- the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.
- density dependent factors
- factors, both abiotic and biotic, which effect a population differently depending upon how crowded it is (food, shelter, disease, predation
- R selection
- have as many offspring as possible as fast as possible (fish, insects)
- nitrogen fixing bacteria
- Organisms in a mutual relationship with the plants above in getting nitrogen into a usable form
- Benthic
- bottom dwellers
- trophic level
- eating level
- Ecology
- study of biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions
- 14 pH
- basic
- masting
- have all the offspring at one time
- K selection
- Kin... having few offspring and protection them until they reach maturity (man, horse, eagle)
- stabilization phase
- 3 in s-curve
- denitrification
- NO3 (nitrate) becomes N2 (gas) and goes into atmosphere
- autotroph (producer)
- makes own food (grass, algae)
- how abiotic affects biotic
- sun provides energy for plants
- physiological adaptation
- how the body works internally