eco.energy and nutrients
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- consumer-prey interactions:
- -Avoid: grow when and/or where consumers are rare -hide: avoiding detection -flee: escaping once detected -tolerate: replace what has been eaten -defend: fight back, associational, structural, chemical
- what is rich and low in nitrogen?
- -plants are low -animals, fungi, and bacteria are high
- what do detritivores consume?
- -food rich in carbon and energy, but poor in nitrogen (dead leaves)
- what do carnivores consume?
- -nutritionally rich prey -cannot choose prey at will
- prey defenses?
- -aposomatic coloring: warning colors -mullerian mimicry:mimic poisonous organisms -Batesian mimicry: harmless species mimic poisonous species
- Carnivores choose prey depending on what?
- size selection, less adaptive animals
- what limits an animal's rate of energy intake?
- feeding rate and food availability
- what limits a plant's rate of energy intake?
- photosynthetic rate to photon flux density
- photon flux and photosynthetic response curves
- -low photon flux= linear photosynthesis -high light intensities = photo. levels off at maximum rate
- Optimal foraging theory
- organisms cannot simultaneously maximize all life functions with limited energy supplies
- principle of allocation
- evolution creates phenotypes that will allocate limited resources
- optimal foraging by plants
- -allocate for all resources to be equally limited -allocate growth -forage for light(leaves in air) and nutrients(roots)