Bio 103 Final
Terms
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- Cancerous Cell Process
- Healthy Cell, Genetic Mutations (Caused by carcinogens, cellular error, Inheritance), Damaged cell, Finally Comes Cell Death, differentiation, or excessive mutations leading to cancer cell.
- Cancer Develops in..
- Most organs, Organs that undergo mitosis.
- Heart cancer
- unlikely because of little division
- Pathogens look for
- Excessive mitosis, abnormal structure and function, and increased blood supply.
- Tumor
- Group of cancer cells
- Angiogenesis
- forming new blood vessels to feed tumor
- Metastasis
- cancer cells spreading
- Malignant
- cancer metastasizes or spreads
- Benign
- tumors don't metastasize.
- Staging
- degree of metastasis
- Defense to cancer
- natural killer cells( type of lymphocyte)
- New research: Cancer Prevention
- diet/exercise.
- New Research: Cancer Detection
- Population screening
- Angiostatin
- blocks angiogenesis
- Disease
- disruption of homeostasis. Non-infectious or infectious
- Infectious disease
- caused by pathogens
- Types of Pathogens
- Viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and fungi
- Viruses
- take over cells. cannot reproduce on their own.
- Bacteria
- Produce toxins
- Protozoans
- reproduce rapidly (Malaria)
- Fungi
- Consume tissue
- Worms
- macroscopic and steal nutrients
- Epidemic
- substantial increase in disease cases
- Pandemics
- global epidemic
- Bubonic Plague
- lymph nodes killed 1/3 of europeans
- Pheumonic Plaque
- Lungs
- Septidemic Plague
- Bloods
- 4 categories of public health
- Sanitation, nutrition, education, and research.
- Medicine
- the science of preserving and restoring health.
- Anesthesia
- blocks movement of Na+ into neurons
- Vaccines
- Prepare immune system to combat pathogens
- Drugs
- chemical substance that restore homeostasis (many combat pathogens)
- Antibiotics
- drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria
- Primary barrier to keep pathogens out
- skin then secreted products and mucous membranes
- Inflammation
- blood vessels dilate and flood wound. (swelling and pain) causes blood clotting
- Lymphocytes
- natural killer cells which release chemicals that kill damaged cells. These are white blood cells
- Neutrophils
- respond to eicosanoids
- Phagocytosis
- monocyte becomes a macrophage
- Immunity
- body learns to identify specific pathogens
- Recognitions of T and B Lymphocytes and pathogens
- involves molecules on the membrane
- Non-specific defense
- barriers and inflammmation
- Memory B and T Cells
- Remember Antigen
- Suppressor T Cells
- inhibit helper T cells
- Basophils
- release histamine (Dilates vessels) against parasite.
- Eosinophil
- Release toxic proteins against bacteria and parasites.
- Innate Immunity
- Non-Specific response
- Acquired Immunity
- specific response
- Immune System
- different organ systems working together to fight pathogens. I.E Lymphatic, cardiovascular, and skeletal
- Autoimmune Disease
- Insulin dependent disease, (Diabetes, MS, Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Immune Deficiency Diseases
- HIV/Aids
- Hypersensitivity diseases
- allergies and mast cells
- Small Pox
-
Two Viruses
Variola Major-pox covers entire body.
Variola Minor-pox don't cover entire body
Repiratory Transmittion
- Variolation (Inoculation)
- Approx 8th century. Giving a person a disease (Variola Minor) to prevent (Variola major)
- Edwards Jenner (18th century england)
- father of vaccination, gave gardners kid cowpox to prevent small pox. Memory B and T cells.
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- declared war on small pox in 1960's, global eradication of polio in 2010
- Small pox ended
- natural infection of smallpox ended in 1977.
- Polio (Poliomyelitis)
- fecal to oral transmittion, Richer families had more polio than the poor. Polio changes antigens. Starts in cells of intestines and moves to motor neurons. Most people who experience paralysis recovered. Mortality rate 2% for kids and 20% for adults
- Hidden Infections
- you can carry the infection and not show symptoms for a while (Polio)
- Jonas Salk (1955)
- came up with first polio vaccine, he would inject dead virus.
- Albert Sabin (1956)
- came up with the vaccine we use today by dropping live virus on tongue.
- AIDS
-
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) New disease with first case in 1940's. Attacks Helper T4 lymphocytes. Hidden Infection possible. AIDS cost a patient around $100,000 per year for medicine.
Genetic Variation is reason vaccine is so hard to make - Antigenic Variation
- AIDS has type A-E with no effective vaccine for any.