mb 230 midterm 1
Terms
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- microbes
- a microscopic form of life including bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protozoal cells.
- biotechnology
- the commercial application of genetic engineering using living organisms
- bioremediation
- the use of microorganisms to degrade toxic wastes and other synthetic products of industrial pollution
- antibodies
- highly specific protein produced by the body in response to a foreign substance, such as a bacterium or virus, and capable of binding to the substance.
- gene probes
- short pieces of single stranded DNA which is radioactively labaled that will hybridize with ot bind to a single coomplementary target DNA or RNA strand.
- fermentation
- a metabolic pathway in which carbohydrates serve as electron donors, the final electron acceptor is not oxygen gas, and NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ for reuse in glycolysis for generation of ATP
- germ theory
- the principle formulated by Pasteur and proved by Koch that microorganisms are responsible for imfectious diseases
- anthrax
- an infection with the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. First bacterium looked at...
- bacteria
- the domain of living things that includes all organisms not classified as Archaea or Eukarya.
- protozoa
- a single-celled eukaryotic organism that lacks a cell wall and usually exhibits chemoheterotroph metabolism
- algae
- an organism in the kingdom protista that performs photosynthesis
- fungi
- one fo the five kingdoms in the Whittaker classification of living organisms; composed of the molds and yeasts.
- taxonomy
- the science dealing with the systemized arrangements of related living things in categories.
- protista
- one of the five kingdoms in the Whittaker classification of living things, composed of the protozoa and unicellular algae
- prokaryote
- a microorganism in the domain bacteria or archaea composed of single cells having a single chromosome but no cell nucleus or other membrane-bound compartments.
- eukaryote
- an organims whose cells contain a cell nucleus with multiple chromosomes, a nuclear envelope, and membrane-bound compartments
- monera
- an obsolete biological kingdom that comprised mist living things with a prokaryotic cell organization
- archaea
- the domain of living organisms that excludes the bacteria and eukarya
- carbohydrates
- organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, generally in ratio of CH2O
- polysaccarides
- complex carbohydrates
- dehydration synthesis
- when water is lost during the synthesis of a molecule
- enzymes
- protein molecules that digest or rearrange the components of organic substances while themselves remaining unchanged
- cellulose
- a polysaccaride, a major part of plant cell walls. Humans lack enzyme to break cellulose down to glucose, however some bacteria and protozoa can
- peptidoglycan
- a complex molecule ot the bacterial cell wall composed of alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross linked by short peptides
- lipids
- contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (Fats, phosolipids, and steroids)
- phosolipids
- phosphorus containing lipids that possess a phosphate group in the place of a fatty acid. Hydrophilic molecule
- fats
- contain much energy in their chemical bonds, so fats are therefore rich sources of energy for microbes and other living things
- hyrdophilic
- water loving
- hydrophobic
- water fearing
- proteins
- a chain or chains of linked amino acids used as a structural material or enzyme in living cells