Ch 10: cliffs
Terms
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Respiration
(def and equ) -
*process of extracting the sttored energy from glucose to form ATP(from ADP and Pi)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --->6CO2 + 6H2O + energy - components of respiration
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glycolysis
krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation - Glycolysis (def)
- decomposition fo glucose to pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
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Glycolysis
Step 1 of 4 - 2 ATP are added
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Glycolysis
Step 2 of 4 - 2 NADH are produced
- function of NADP
- coenzyme the accepts 2 e- from a substrate molecule
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Glycolysis
Step 3 of 4 - 4 ATP are produced
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Glycolysis
Step 4 of 4 - 2 pyruvate are formed
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Glycolysis
products adn reactants - 1 glucose to 2 pyruvate, 2 NADPH, and net 2 ATP
- how many Krebs cycle/glucose
- 2
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Kreb's Cycle
Step 1 (precycle) -
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA
purvate + coenzyme A --> acetyl CoA
1 NADH and 1 CO2 produced -
FADH2
cycle and function -
Krebs cycle
coenzyme tha accepts electron during a rxm -
Kreb's Cycle
Step 2 (of 2) -
acetyl CoA + OAA --> citric acid
3 NADH and 1 FADH2 are made
CO2 released -
oxidative phosphorlyation
def - process of extracting ATp from NADH and FADH2
- oxidative phosphorlyation
- NADH and FADH2 passed along electron transport chain end with ) which combines to make H20
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oxidative phosphorlyation
NADH-->
FADH2-->
energize what -
NADH--> 3 ADp to 2 ATP
FADH2--> produces 2 ATP - proteins in electron trans chain
- cytochromes and modified proteins
- oxidative phosphorlyation link to genetics
- cytochrome c compared amoung species to asses genetic relatedness
- last electron acceptor in electron trans chain
- 1/2 O2
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Respiration ATP/energy count
Glycolysis
2 pyruvate
2 acetyl CoA
NADH
FADH2
total: glucose -
Glycolysis: 2 ATP, 2 NADH
3 pyruvate: 2 acetylCoA, 2 NADH
2 acetyl CoA: 6 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP
NADH: 3 ATP
FADH2: 2 ATP
total: glucose: net 36 -
Kreb's Cycle
def & location -
the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
mitochondira matrix - location of electron transport chain
- cristae
- glycolysis location
- cytoplasm
- energy given off in e- trans chain goes to
- phosphorylate ADP to ATP
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Chemiosmosis in Respiration
Step 1 -
H+ accumulate in teh outer compartment
H+ pumped from the matrix into the outer compartment -
Chemiosmosis in Respiration
Step 2 -
a pH and electrical gradient across the crista membrane is created
creates a potential energy reserve -
Chemiosmosis in Respiration
Step 3 -
ATP synthases generate ATP
protons in teh outer compartment flow back into the matric
the energy for these channesl proteins generate ATP - anaerobic resipration causes and accumulation of
- NADH
- objective of anerobic respiration
- replenish NAD+ so that glycolysis can proceed once again
- alcoholic fermeenatin occurs in
- plants, fungi, and bacteria
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Alcoholic Fermenatation
step 1 of 2 -
Pyruvate to acetaldehyde
pyruvate --> 1 CO2 and 1 acetaldehyde -
Alcoholic Fermenatation
step 2 of 2 -
acetaldehyde to ethanol
NADH used to drive rxm
acetaldehyde --> 1 ethanole + 1 NAD+ -
lactate fermantation
pyruvate to... - lactic acid
- oxygen debt
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cause by lactate fermentation
O2 is needed to break down lactate