Micro Immunocompromised Host
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- A decrease in leukocyte number and function, as can occur in chronic granulomatous disease or granulocytopenia, will increase infection with what pathogens
- Extracellular bacteria and opportunistic fungi
- A decrease in reticuloendothelial system function, as can occur with splenectomy, will increase infection what pathogens
- Pneumococcus, and other encapsulated bacteria
- What are some characteristics of "B-1" B cells
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Produced early in development
Express characteristic cell surface markers (CD5)
Have a limited V-region diversity
Have a general affinity for many polysaccharide
antigens
Contribute significantly to the antibody response
to encapsulated bacteria - Recurrent Neisserial infections indicates what immunodeficiency
- Defiency in terminal components of the complement cascade
- Recurring infections with Salmonella, Listeria, Mycobacterium, Legionella, or Nocardia asteroides indicate what immunodeficiency
- Infections with intracellular bacteria are typical of patients with defects in cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
- Recurring infections with Staphy aureus and Beta hemolytic streptococci, Strep pneumo, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, or Haemophilus flu indicate what immunodeficiency
- Infections with encapsulated extracellular bacteria are common among patients with deficiencies in components of the opsonization-phagocytosis pathway
- There is no memory response to what type of antigen
- TI-2 antigens. There is no T cell help for T-indepedent antigens, so there will be IgM isotype only, and no production of memory B cells
- Recurrent viral infections indicates what immunodeficiency
- Defects in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) leave patients vulnerable to infection with most types of viruses.
- Recurrent infection with enteroviruses indicates what type of immunodeficiency
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Patients with antibody deficiency are also more vulnerable to certain types
of viral infections, particularly enteroviruses. - Recurrent systemic infections with Candida, and recurrent infections with Aspergillus or Phycomyces, indicates what immunodeficiency
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Patients with defects in phagocytic mechanisms are vulnerable to infection with these fungal species.
They lack direct recognition and killing of specific fungi by neutrophils - Patients with recurrent infections with Cryptococcus, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, and Pneumocystis, as well as chronic mucocutaneous Candida, likely have what immunodeficiency
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Patients with defects in cell-mediated immunity are vulnerable to infection with a distinct subset of fungal species.
T cell production of cytokines, causes inflammation, augmenting innate immunity (e.g., microbicidal production of nitric oxide)