lecture 13
Terms
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- Naturally Aquired Active Immunity
- After an injecton, the end result is memory T and B cells
- Naturally Aquired Passive Immunity
- Ab passes from Mother to Fetus and after birth, it gets to the baby via breast milk.
- Artificially Aquired Active Immunity
- Ag introduced by a VACCINE, body produces Ab as a specialized lymphocyte. SNAKE BIT VENOM
- Artificially Aquired Passive Immunity
- Preformed antibodies in immune serum are introduced via injection
- Gamma Globulin Shot
- Blood Protein that contains the most antibodies., treatment in disorders with ab dificiencies, transfers passive immunity
- Purpose of Vaccine in an individual
- to educate the adaptive immune system
- Purpose of Vaccine in a population
- if u vaccinate a large percentage of a population, it can't spread like wildfire
- HERD immunity
- 80% of a population will protect it from the disease because there are not enough susceptible individuals to spread infection
- live organism w/ a less virulent version, like TB causing bacteria
- Attentuated Bacteria
- weakened pathogen, less virulent virus, capable of stimulating immune response, Sabin polio virus, mmr, chix pox
- Attentuated Virus vaccine
- Killing organism, then SHOWING THE ORGANISM, INFLUENZA, Rabies, Salk Polio
- Inactivated Whole Agent vaccine
- Tteanus, an activated toxin
- TOXOID vaccine
- A protein, an antigen, Hep B Vaccine, Protein found on it
- Protein subunit vaccine
- Uses polysacharide from capsule(AG) capable of a strong Ag from Ag from another to increase immune response against poor ag
- Polysacharide Vaccine type
- Binds poor ag onto carrier protein
- Conjugated Vaccine
- DNA will encode Ag sequence expressed for some time period after the muscle exposed
- Experimental DNA types
- Combo Vaccine for 3 bacterial diseases
- DTaP diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis
- Combo Vaccine for 3 viral diseases
- MMR
- Ab titer
- measures ab in serum
- rising titer
- indicates an ongoing infection
- seroconversion
- development of specific abs to microorganisms in the serum due to an ongoing infection or immunization
- Involved SOLUABLE Ag, IgM OR IgG class ab's, detects AG in sample, uses known Abs specific to that AG
- Precipitation reaction
- INSOLUABLE Ag, uses large insoluable AH like Fungi or Bacteria to detect AB
- Direct agglutination
- Soluable Ag can be coupled w/ beads to detect specific pathogens and Ab's, latex beads
- Indirect agglutination
- Used to detect MONO, someviruses can clump RBC's
- Hemoglutination
- Direct Florescent AB staining
- used to id specific microorganisms,
- Indirect Florescant tests is used to demonstrate what? Uses a known AG bound to a slide, add sera, detects sera with a 2nd ab that recognizes a constant FC region on human Ab combined w/ FITC
- Presence of AB IN SERUM, tests for HIV
- Florescent activated cell sorter, used to id cells in a mixed sample, HIV tests, cd4+ T cells
- FACS
- ELISA
- Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay
- What method would YOU use to detect specifis Ab's in serum?
- Indirect ELISA-start w. known Ag, ends with ag-ab-ab complex, u see if finding took place with the second anti-human Ab, which produces a color change. (in a positive reaction, their is a color change)