Crawford Biology Final

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Crawford Biology Final

Semester 1 2007-2008

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I recommend not to use any of the FAMILIARIZE/LEARN/TEST because I did not intend this to be in flashcard format.

-To test yourself, use FAMILIARIZE and checkmark "Show Term First"

-If you must TEST yourself, uncheck everything so only "matching" is checked

-The LEARN is messed up because I put in six billion details and dashes and commas so...just DONT DO IT

-if you want to edit ask me for the password (I might not give it to you)

-if you are editing, make sure nobody else is editing or else the first person to click save will loose all their hard work of terms and definitions.

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ETC stands for ____: electron transport chain
Colors of the Rainbow (relates to light and pigments): Violet, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red
Mitochondria: organelle releases energy from stored food molecules
Nuclear Membrane: surrounds nucleus/rRNA comes out pores/nuclear pores slectively allow raw materials in and out nucleic acids out/has nuclear pores
Isotonic: same concentration
Cellulose = "___": Fiber
chromosomes line up in the center in which phase?: METAPHASE :]
Endocytosis : Type of particles, direction of flow, need carrier?, active or passive: large molecules, whole cells feeding by amoeba, food particles* / into cell / yes / active
Nucleic acids: polymer?: nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
A cell that is 98% water is placed into a solution of 10% sucrose. Is it hypotonic, hypertnoic or isotonic?/ How much water is in the outside environment?/ What is the direction of the water movement?/ Does the cell shrink, swell, or doesn't change?: hypertonic/90%/out/shrink
What does Photosynthesis produce?: glucose - a carbohydrate
Protein channels: help larger/charged molecules to pass by creating openings designed for each molecule type
what are the four types of carbon cycle?: biological process- photosynthesis, cellular resp, decomposiotion ;geochemcal- from volcanoes; mixed biogeochemical, coal, petroleum; human activity- burning
Amino acid structure: polymer?: protein
What happens to the enzymes once its denatured?: can be repaired, cut up for new material
Hypotonic (it is a relative! term): low concentration
Where are ribosomes?: Some free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
5 types of nucleotides:: guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil
primary productivity (ecology): amount of organic matter produced by producers
solvent & example: [diluter] water
what happens when enzymes are heated?: looses active shape (denaturing/denature) (deform)
DNA stands for ____: deoxyribonucleic acid
What does a monomer look like?: []
name an example of a multiple allele trait: Blood type
Nucleus: in all eukaryotic cells/contains genetic info./controls most cell processes
if you are blood type B+ what blood type can you recieve?: B+ B- O+ O-
A fatty acid is hydro____: -phobic
glycolysis takes place in the ____: cytoplasm
What does ATP stand for?: adenosine triphosphate
initial diffusion: the tendency of molecules to move spontaneously from areas of high to low concentration
cell membrane structure: thin flexible barrier around cell
cytoskeleton: helps support the cell
Singular form of stomata: stoma
Example of prokaryotic cell: bacteria
gradient: high --> low difference
NAD + excited electron = ___: NADH
Clearing vegetation around the creek will result in less light penetrating the creek. Explain How.: Vegetation holds the dirt together, so the dirt would be loose and murky without the vegetation. The murky water would make it hard for the light to penetrate the creek.
xylem: water carrying tubes in plants (up)
Vacuole: Where cell stores materials like water, salts, proteins, waste, ect.
Cell Theory: All living things are composed of cells/cells are the basic unit structure and function in living things/new cells are produced from existing cells
Eukaryotic Cell examples: all plants, animals, fungi, and many micro organisms
Do cells need energy to "pump" molecules against the normal flow?: yes
cell wall structure: strong layer around membrane (plant cells only)
benedicts solution turns what color when there is much sugar: orange~
Hypertonic (it is a relative term!): high concentration
Faculative Species: Prefers good water quality but can survive in low quality water.
selectively permable: some things can pass and some can't
Simple Diffusion : Type of particles, direction of flow, need carrier?, active or passive: Co2, O2, H20, alcohol / High to low / No / Passive
Eukaryotic Cells have ____ , ____, ___: nuclei, membrane, cytoplasm
cytoplasm structure: inside cell membrane but not nucleus
ploem: glucose carrying tubes in plants (down)
How are enzymes reused?: Makes Polymers,
nucleus sturcture: genetic material (large organelle)/controls cell's activities
Monosaccharides /examples/shape: "single sugar" /glucose,fructose/pentagon
Nucleic Acids: monomer?: nucleotide
diffusion: process in which molecules move from concentrated area to less concentrated area
Blood type O produces antibody__: A and B
is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?: anaerobic
Exocytosis : Type of particles, direction of flow, need carrier?, active or passive: waste / out of cell / yes / active
what are the four bio molecules??: protein, fat/lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid
Facilitated Diffusion: Type of particles, direction of flow, need carrier?, active or passive: Sugars, amino acids, salts / high to low / yes / passive
Amino Acid Structure: monomer?: amino acid
segregatioin: separation [of alleles]
examples of lipids: fats, oils, waxes, steroids
A cell that is 98% water is placed into a solution of 100$ water. Is it hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic?/What is the direction of the water movement?/Does it shrink, swell, or doesn't change?: hypotnoic/in/swell
blood type A produces antigen___: A
What does a polymer look like?: []-[]-[]-[]-[]
active transport is for _____: molecules that need to move against the concentration gradient
A cell that is 98% water is placed into a solution of 2% sucrose. Is it hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? / How much water is in the outside environment? / What is the direction of water movement? / Does the cell shrink, swell, or doesn't change?: isotonic/98%/in place/doesn't change
Osmosis: diffusion of water molecules across a membrane
one gene = one ____: protein
G, C, A, T, (nucleic acid) (in RNA U instead of T): guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil
Intolerant Species: Highly sensetive to water quality.
solute & example: [concentrate] powder,perfume, ect.
Fat is a ____ , NOT a _____: Lipid, not a carbohydrate
equilibrium: when diffusion is equal on both sides
RNA stands for ____: ribonucleic acid
lipid bilayer: core of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet
hemoglobin: carries oxygen in red blood cells
insulin: regulates blood sugar levels
What do animals do? (3 things): 1. Consume & metabolize some glucose & starch for energy/ 2. (short term) use some energy to build glycogen (long chains of glucose) for short term energy storage/ 3. (long term) Converts some energy to fat molecules for long-term energy storage
Tolerant Species: Not very sensitive at all. Thrives in any condition.
Carbohydrates & Energy Use: plants & animals --> make & use --> various carbohydrates for multiple purposes
Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O ----light and energy----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cell Membrane: regulates what goes in and out of the cell and protects and supports the cell
Can enzymes do more than one job?: No
Enzymes help cell DNA by, ____: regulating genes expression
stomata: pores in the leaf
Nucleolus: nucleus of nucleus/small dense region within nucleus/makes and sends out rRNA used to make ribosomes
_____ has nuclear pores: Nuclear membrane
Disaccharides/examples/shape: "two sugars"/lactose,sucrose(table sugar)/two hexagons
What is the net gain from glycolysis?: 2 ATP
facilitated diffusion: when larger or charged molecules can't slip through the membrane, it is helped by protein channels
alleles: different forms of a gene
Active Transport : Type of particles, direction of flow, need carrier?, active or passive: minerals, ions / low to high / yes / active
What does a covalent bond look like and do?: - in a set that looks like this: []-[]-[] The covalent bonds holds monomers together
estivation: when frogs hide underground
Is glycolysis aerobic?: no
plant is to ___ as animal is to ____: starch//fat
a gray flower is an example of what type of dominance?: incomplete dominance
lysosomes: small organelle filled with enzymes
If your blood clots with antibody A and antibody D then your blood type is: A+
Polysaccharides/examples/shape: "many sugars"/starches, cellulose(banana)/long chain
Osmosis : Type of particles, direction of flow, need carrier?, active or passive: Water / high to low / no / passive
4g/16ml (left side) 2g/8ml (right side) is ___: equilibrium
Ribosomes: organelles that assemble proteins following genetic instructions (makes enzymes)
facilitate: to help
Prokaryotic Cells Do not have a ____: nuclei
What does fiber do?: Fiber helps keep the flow going for waste or else it builds up.
3 Factors that affect photosynthesis: shortage of water/intensity of light/not in 0 degrees C to 35 degrees C
Where are ribosomes built?: in the cytoplasm utilizing rRNA from the nucleolus
Glycerol is hydro____: -philic
NADP+ + excited electron = _____: NADPH
What does ADP stand for?: adenosine diphosphate
actin: contracts muscle tissue
There was a very clear pond and a pond full of algae and insects. You are very thirsty. Which pond would you take water from?: The algae and insect filled pond because the clear pond has no life which means the water was in a bad condition. The algae pool is full of life because the water is healthy. So drinking from the algae pond would be best.
what is a lipid made from?: carbon and hydrogen atoms (mostly)
cell wall made of ___: cellulose (glucose)
What do plants do? (3 things): 1. Make and metabolize glucose for quick energy/ 2. make starches to store energy for long term us/3. Make cellulose (long chains of glucose) to build cell walls
excited electron + FAD = _______: FADH2

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Number of cards 120