Biochemistry, RNA
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- 32) What kind of base pairs does RNA usually form?
- Intramolecular base pairs.
- 33) What is the function of tRNA?
- Deliver specific amino acids to ribosomes.
- 34) What is the function of mRNA?
- Express a gene in a protein, read by ribosome, working copy of DNA.
- 35) What is the function of hnRNA (eukaryotes)?
- Pre-cursor to mRNA if it need to be fixed before it becomes mRNA.
- 36) What is the function of rRNA?
- Primarily structural (rRNA + Proteins = Ribosomes).
- 37) What is the function of snRNA?
- Small nuclear RNA’s function is entirely catalytic for spliceosomes, they help process hnRNA into mRNA in eukaryotes
- 38) hnRNA contains?
- Introns and exons, precursor for mRNA.
- 39) What is RNA editing?
- The addition of individual nucleotides in the middle of the mRNA sequence.
- 40) A) [---------------------------------] ; B) [------------]; which one is hnRNA, and which one is mRNA?
- A) is hnRNA, and B) is mRNA.
- 41) Bacterial RNA polymerase produces?
- mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA
- 42) Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I produces?
- rRNA precursor.
- 43) Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II produces?
- mRNA precursor.
- 44) Eukaryotic RNA polymerase III produces?
- tRNA precursor.
- 45) Mitochondrial RNA polymerase produces?
- mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA.
- 46) What are the subunits of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme?
- ? Alpha, beta, beta’, sigma (factor).
- 47) Closed and open complexes are associated with?
- Bacterial transcription initiation.
- 48) What type of sequences aid in the ability of RNA polymerases to recognize the nucleotide at which initiation begins?
- Promoters.
- 49) What type of sequences aid in the ability of enhancing RNA polymerases activity even further, and are also present within the genes?
- Enhancers
- 50) After a few incorporations of a first few nucleotides, do promoters stay with RNA polymerase or do they unbind from the complex?
- They unbind away from the complex.
- 51) 5’ cap tells the cell?
- I’m ready.
- 52) Poly A tail tells the cell?
- Do not degrade me.
- 53) Prokaryotes have operons that enable them to transcribe?
- Several genes at once.
- 54) In eukaryotes you can only transcribe how many genes in a row?
- 1 (1 gene = 1 polypeptide).
- 55) DNA binding proteins are also known as?
- Transcription factors.
- 56) Transcription factors do what?
- They regulate transcription.
- 57) Response elements are related to?
- Enhancers and silencer sequences.
- 58) Hormones are able to _________ transcription?
- Regulate.