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PSS 10: History

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When did agriculture begin and what did this include?
-7,000 to 10,000 years ago
-cultivation of edible plants and domestication of animals
Where did agriculture begin?
-Mesopotamia
-China
-Mexico, Central and South America
What was developed between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago in Mesopotamia?
-irrigation system
What fruits were from Mesopotamia?
-Dates
-Figs
-Olives
-Grapes
-Lemons
-Papyrus
What did the egyptians develop?
-Baking
-Fermenting
-Drying
-Pottery
What plants were domesticated in Mexico and Peru around 5,500 BC?
-Beans
-Corn
-Squash
In Peru, what were the two places for plant domestication?
When were they discovered?
-Machu Pichu
-Cuzco
-1911
In 5,000 BC what did Eastern China Culture?
-rice
-peaches
-apricots
Who was the Father of Botony?
What are three defining features of him?
-Theophratus
-Greek
-Pupil of Aristotle
-Wrote about plants
What are the Romans attributed for adding to agriculture?
-Improving Greek practices
-Crop rotation
-Soil Fertility
-Plant Grafting
-Greenhouses
-Garden Tools
What occurred during the dark ages?
-Little European advancements
-Plants and records maintained in monastery gardens
-Meteria Medica written
What advances were made in the middle ages?
-Very Little
What occurred during the Renaissance period?
-landscape designs become part of culture
-Palace of Versailles in France
Who were the explorers that were well noted in the age of exploration?
-Christopher Columbus
-John Cabot
-Francis Drake
-Ferninand Magellan
-James Cook
Which explorer was first to circumnavigate the world?
-Ferndinand Magellan
What were some of the first fruit and nut horticulture contributions?
-Cranberry
-Avocado
-Cashews
-Black Walnut
-Pecans
-Pineapple
What were some of the vegetables to contribute to the start of horticulture?
-Corn
-Potato
-Tomato
-Squash
-Sweet Potato
-Pumpkin
-Peanut
-Kidney/Lima Beans
Describe the importance of Bartrams Garden.
-John Bartram discovered Franklinia alatamaha and built this first botanical garden
-Garden locatated in Fairmont Park in Philadelphia, PA
-Bartram named greatest natural botonist
What flowers are part of the Orient plant exploration?
-Rhodedendrons
-Lilies
-Roses
-Chrysanthemums
What is, and who developed, the binomial system fo nomenclature?
-A two name system that never changes, made of a genus and specific epithet
-Carl Von Linnae
What created the Landgrant colleges and when?
-The Morrill act in 1862
Who was the father of American Horticulture? What is he known for?
-Liberty Hyde Bailey
-Wrote Hortus which listed latin names of cultivated plants
Who was the Father of Landscape Architecture?
What did do?
-Frederick Law Olmstead
-Designed Central Park in NYC in 1858
Who used peas for genetics?
-Gregor Mendel
When was inorganic fertilizer developed?
-1920's
When were agricultural chemicals introduced?
What did this include?
-1940's
-herbicides, fungicides, insecticides
What were the timeline occurances for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990?
-farm mechanization
-Rachel Carlson's "Silent Spring" and food shortage
-Energy Crisis. Bad for Greenhouses
-Plant tissue culture and improved mechanical planting and harvesting
-gene mapping and isolation

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