PSS 10: History
Terms
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- When did agriculture begin and what did this include?
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-7,000 to 10,000 years ago
-cultivation of edible plants and domestication of animals - Where did agriculture begin?
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-Mesopotamia
-China
-Mexico, Central and South America - What was developed between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago in Mesopotamia?
- -irrigation system
- What fruits were from Mesopotamia?
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-Dates
-Figs
-Olives
-Grapes
-Lemons
-Papyrus - What did the egyptians develop?
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-Baking
-Fermenting
-Drying
-Pottery - What plants were domesticated in Mexico and Peru around 5,500 BC?
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-Beans
-Corn
-Squash -
In Peru, what were the two places for plant domestication?
When were they discovered? -
-Machu Pichu
-Cuzco
-1911 - In 5,000 BC what did Eastern China Culture?
-
-rice
-peaches
-apricots -
Who was the Father of Botony?
What are three defining features of him? -
-Theophratus
-Greek
-Pupil of Aristotle
-Wrote about plants - What are the Romans attributed for adding to agriculture?
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-Improving Greek practices
-Crop rotation
-Soil Fertility
-Plant Grafting
-Greenhouses
-Garden Tools - What occurred during the dark ages?
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-Little European advancements
-Plants and records maintained in monastery gardens
-Meteria Medica written - What advances were made in the middle ages?
- -Very Little
- What occurred during the Renaissance period?
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-landscape designs become part of culture
-Palace of Versailles in France - Who were the explorers that were well noted in the age of exploration?
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-Christopher Columbus
-John Cabot
-Francis Drake
-Ferninand Magellan
-James Cook - Which explorer was first to circumnavigate the world?
- -Ferndinand Magellan
- What were some of the first fruit and nut horticulture contributions?
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-Cranberry
-Avocado
-Cashews
-Black Walnut
-Pecans
-Pineapple - What were some of the vegetables to contribute to the start of horticulture?
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-Corn
-Potato
-Tomato
-Squash
-Sweet Potato
-Pumpkin
-Peanut
-Kidney/Lima Beans - Describe the importance of Bartrams Garden.
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-John Bartram discovered Franklinia alatamaha and built this first botanical garden
-Garden locatated in Fairmont Park in Philadelphia, PA
-Bartram named greatest natural botonist - What flowers are part of the Orient plant exploration?
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-Rhodedendrons
-Lilies
-Roses
-Chrysanthemums - What is, and who developed, the binomial system fo nomenclature?
-
-A two name system that never changes, made of a genus and specific epithet
-Carl Von Linnae - What created the Landgrant colleges and when?
- -The Morrill act in 1862
- Who was the father of American Horticulture? What is he known for?
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-Liberty Hyde Bailey
-Wrote Hortus which listed latin names of cultivated plants -
Who was the Father of Landscape Architecture?
What did do? -
-Frederick Law Olmstead
-Designed Central Park in NYC in 1858 - Who used peas for genetics?
- -Gregor Mendel
- When was inorganic fertilizer developed?
- -1920's
-
When were agricultural chemicals introduced?
What did this include? -
-1940's
-herbicides, fungicides, insecticides - What were the timeline occurances for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990?
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-farm mechanization
-Rachel Carlson's "Silent Spring" and food shortage
-Energy Crisis. Bad for Greenhouses
-Plant tissue culture and improved mechanical planting and harvesting
-gene mapping and isolation