Psychology Chapter 12
chapter 12 vocabulary
Terms
undefined, object
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- Social Cognition
- the mental processes people use to make sense out of their social environment
- person perception
- Mental processes we use to form judgments and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of others
- negative outcome in Actor-observer discrepancy
- Own behavior: external factors, Other's behavior: internal factors
- Behavior component
- predisposition to act in a particular way "When a big hamburger chain tried to build a new restaurant in my neighborhood I made a petition to object to it"
- Implicit personality theory
- Schemas based on previous social experience about the traits and behaviors associated with different "types" of people
- Principles of Person Perception
- 1. Reactions to others are based on your perceptions of them, not on who/what they really are 2. Your goals in the situation determine the amount and kind of info you gather- looking for evidence that will make your hypothesis true 3.Evaluation is based on how you expect them to act in the situation (are they following social norms) 4.Self-perception influences how you perceive others and how you act on your perceptions
- Actor-observer discrepancy
- the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external situational causes, while attributing the behavior of others to internal personal causes; especially likely to occur with regard to behaviors that lead to negative outcomes
- Role of physical attractiveness
- What is beautiful is good
- Attitudes
- Learned tendency to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way
- Social Influence
- The effects of situational factors and other people of on an individuals behavior
- Interpersonal context of personal perception
- Other person's characteristics, Your characteristics as the perceiver, Specific situation
- Cognitive dissonance
- inconsistency between attitudes and behaviors, an unpleasent state of psychological tension or arousal that occurs withtwo thoughts or perceptions are inconsistent-- grasshopper eating Are your attitudes and behaviors in sync?
- Social Categorization
- Mental process of categorizing people in groups based on shared characteristics, Automatic, often unconscious
- social norms
- the rules or experiences for appropriate behavior in particular social situation
- Attribution
- Mental process of inferring the causes of people's behavior, including your own Also used to explain certain behaviors
- Self-serving bias Positive outcome
- Own behavior: internal factors, Other's behavior: external factors
- Social Psychology
- the branch of psychology that studies how people feel think and behave in social situations
- Blaming the victim
- the tendency to blame an innocent victim of the misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid or prevent it
- Emotional component
- feelings and emotions about the attitude object- "Fast food is disgusting and greasy and I hate their fake milkshakes"
- Fundamental attribution error
- tendency to attribute behavior to the internal, personal characteristics and ignoring situational factors (individualistic cultures)
- Cognitive component
- beliefs, thoughts, ideas about the attitude object -- "The easy availability of fast food discourage people to eat fruits and veggies"
- just world hypothesis
- the assumption that the world is fair and that therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get