Biology, full year
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- When monomers bind, they usually go through what process?
- Dehydration Synthesis
- Sharks share what trait with crayfish?
- A rostrum
- Sharks share what trait with crayfish?
- A rostrum
- What are amphibian eggs like?
- They are non water-tight, jelly-like, soft eggs
- Which fins on a fish are paired?
- The pelvic and pectoral fins
- Describe operate conditioning.
- A previously learned or innate behavior is changed, either by punishing the organism when the undesired behavior occurs, or by rewarding the organism when an alternative behavior is followed.
- Which classes of fishes do not have jaws?
- Mixini and cephalaspidomorphi
- Fishes have what skeleton?
- An endoskeleton
- What is a notochord?
- A suppot rod that runs ventrally to the nerve cord.
- Since lipids are insoluble, they make up what?
- Steroids
- Generally the (larger/smaller) a mammal is the faster it reproduces.
- smaller
- What is the closest non-chordate ancestor of chordates?
- Echinoderms
- Describe imprinting.
- A combination of innate and learned behavior, the organism learns to perform a specific task almost instantly, this kind of learning is completely unchangeable.
- What does photosystem 2 do?
- It breaks down water, catches light, and energizes electrons.
- What type of circulatory system do lancelets have?
- A closed circulatory system
- If a solution is hypotonic that means that _____________________.
- There is a greater concentration of material inside the cell than outside.
- What are the difference between alligators and crocodiles?
- The alligator's upper jaw overlaps the lower jaw, the crocodile's is the same. Alligators have a U shaped mouth, crocodiles have a V shaped mouth.
- What digestive organ do hagfish lack?
- A stomach
- Give the general characteristics of rodents.
- usually herbivorous, sharp front teeth
- Lampreys fall under what class?
- Cephalaspidomorphi
- Which genus of toads are viviparous?
- Nectophrynoides
- True or False, eels are in class cephalaspidomorphi
- False, they are in class Osteichthyes
- Where do lancelets live?
- Marine water
- True or false, Lizards are amphibians.
- False, lizards are reptiles
- Through what growth stage do most amphibians go through?
- Complete Metamorphosis
- What process produces sex cells?
- Meiosis
- What two types of chemicals are in a lamprey's saliva?
- An anticoagulent and an anaesthetic
- What do most fish have that holds air?
- A swim bladder
- What type of symmetry do tunicates posses?
- Asymmetry
- Sharks, rays, and other cartilaginous fishes fall under what class?
- Chondrichthyes
- Which types of reptiles would have the most insectivores?
- Lizards
- Rough ER synthesises what?
- Amino acids into protein
- How many hearts do hagfish have?
- 6
- What kind of feeders are lancelets?
- Filter Feeders
- List the order of organs through which waste travels in amphibians
- Urators (tubes which make up the kidneys), bladder, cloaca, anus
- What type of skeleton does a lamprey have?
- A cartilaginous endoskeleton
- What is a heart murmur?
- An instance in which blood flows backwrds through the circulatory system, caused by valve failure
- How can fishes feed?
- Carnivores, parasites, omnivores, detrivores, herbivores, filter feeders
- What is the closest non-chordate ancestor of chordates?
- Echinoderms
- Why are tunicates called tunicates?
- Because of the loose, leathery tunic that covers their outside.
- Give the general characteristics of xenarthrans.
- reduced/absent teeth, feed on insects
- What do salamanders use to smell?
- Their tounges
- Viviporous
- gives live birth
- Give an example of a xenarthran
- Anteater, armadillo
- What type of circulatory system do most fishes have?
- Closed
- What is one general characteristic of all amphibians?
- They live in watter at some point in life and land at some point in life
- Give an example of imprinting.
- A newly hatched duck will follow the first thing it sees that moves, it will continue following this untill adulthood. (accept anything with similar parameters)
- What is the protein that DNA coils around?
- Histone
- What did amphibians evolve from?
- Lobe finned fishes
- How long can a hagfish live without food?
- 7 months
- When are tunicates motile?
- As larvae
- Give the general characteristics of lagomorphs.
- herbivorous, chisel like front teeth, runs or jumps
- Bats hang upside down to ________.
- Escape predators
- What term designates seperate sexes?
- Diecious
- What can salamanders regenerate?
- Tails, toes and legs
- Hagfishes have _______ skin.
- Slimy, smooth
- List the general characteristics of marsupials.
- Completes development in mother's pouch
- Describe classical conditioning.
- A reaction to a stimulus gives either a reward or a punishment. In this case the stimulus will eventually be obeyed without reward or punishment.
- Water goes in through whaat opening in a tunicate and out what other opening?
- In- mouth Out- atriopore
- What are the reasons for cell division?
- Repair, Replacement,Growth & development, Reproduction, Regeneration
- Why do herbivorous fishes have longer intestines than carnivorous fishes?
- To house cellulose- eating bacteria
- Which type of reptiles would have the most herbivores?
- Turtles and tortoises
- Lancelets have rows of V shaped muscles. What are they used for?
- Locomotion
- What are organisms in order perrisodactyla more commonly called?
- Odd toes ungulates
- Define autosomes
- Chromosomes that are not the X or Y chromosomes.
- Members of order Apoda ______ when on land.
- Burrow
- What type of feeders are there in class chondrichthyes?
- Filter feeders, carnivores, detrivores
- What do amphibians need water to do?
- Reproduce and respire
- Monosaccharides are carbohydrate monomers with what chemical equation?
- C6 H12 O6
- Since salamanders are deaf to airborne sounds, what organ do they posses to detect vibrations?
- A lateral line
- What do adult tunicates have that larval tunicates posses?
- A tail and notochord
- Some bony fish build _______.
- Nests
- What binds nitrogenous bases together?
- Hydrogen bonds
- How many classes of subphylum vertebrata are there?
- 8
- What senses vibrations in the water?
- A lateral line
- Which family of Anura has cartilaginous ribs?
- Bufanidae
- What are astors?
- Small pieces of spindle fibers
- How do adult amphibians feed?
- They are carnivorous
- Any hydrocarbon ending with "ene" uses what formula to find the number of hydrogen atoms?
- Carbon atoms times two
- Lipids are fats, oils, and waxes that use which elements?
- Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
- How many species are there in order probosidea?
- 2
- Where do tortoises live?
- Land
- Oviparous
- egg-laying
- When did the first mammals appear?
- 220 million years ago
- How can you distinguish a male frog from a female frog?
- The male's tympanic membranes are larger than their eyes
- What is the muscle below the lungs called?
- the diaphragm
- Give an example of habituation.
- If a dog's name is called, and the dog comes, but nothing happens to the dog, it will eventually not respond to its name. (accept anything with similar parameters)
- Which type of teeth do reptiles lack?
- Chewing teeth
- What is the most important kind of protein?
- Enzymes
- What enzyme unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds?
- DNA Helicase
- Where do tarapins live?
- Brackish water
- What do all chordates have at some point in their life?
- A hollow dorsal nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail that extends beyond th anus.
- Describe insight learning.
- An organism uses prior knowledge to predict the outcome of a reaction to a stimulus, it may also be considered "mental trial-and-error".
- What are the 5 types of learning?
- Habituation, Classical conditioning, Operate conditioning, Insight learning, Imprinting
- List the elements found in nucleic acids
- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate
- Typical fishes (bony fishes) such as trout, salmon, cod, goldfish, and flounder, fall under what class?
- Osteichthyes
- If a reptiles has ________________ it must be venomous.
- fangs
- Give an example of insight learning.
- In playing chess, if a position is on the board similar to a previously encountered position, a similar move will generally be made. (accept anything with similar parameters)
- What is a notochord?
- A suppot rod that runs ventrally to the nerve cord.
- What do carbohydrate chains on a cell membrane do?
- It identifies the cell to other cells, kind of like a flag
- Give the general characteristics of insectivores.
- Has long narrow snout, sharp claws, eats insects.
- A ________ is a combination of two objects that settles out.
- Suspension.
- Recite the new cell theory.
- All cells come from cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, all organisms are made from cells
- Give an example of rodent
- Rat, beaver, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, squirrel
- Define prokaryote
- A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- What kind of feeders are tunicates?
- Filter Feeders
- Define Autosomal Dominant
- A term designating an allele found on autosomal chromasomes that is dominant
- What does ungulate mean?
- Hooved
- What is the term for a cell holding too much water and bursting?
- Cytolosis
- If a solution is hypertonic that means that _____________________.
- There is a greater concentration of material outside the cell than inside.
- What are the two major types of behavior?
- Innate and learned
- Hagfishes fall under what class?
- Mixini
- What senses vibrations in the water?
- A lateral line
- Lancelets spend most of their time where?
- In the sand
- Give the general characteriscs of cetaceans.
- Fully aquatic, forelimbs as flippers, no hindlimbs, some use echolocation
- Which type of behavior is hardest to change?
- Innate, with the exception of imprinting, which is unchangeable.
- Are tunicates hermaphrodites or do they have seperate sexes?
- Sequential hermaphrodites
- Give an example of classical conditioning.
- If a bell is rung when food is served to a dog, the dog will salivate, eventually the dog will salivate to the bell ringing alone. (accept anything with similar parameters)
- What is a prehensal tail?
- A tail that can be used as an extra appendage
- Name the monomer for carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- True or false, lipids are insoluble.
- True
- What distinguishes toads from frogs?
- Toads have rougher, drier skin. Toads are shorter. Toads walk more than they hop.
- Which types of reptiles excrete waste as ammonia?
- Turtles
- What are the classes of fishes?
- Mixini, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Cephalaspidomorphi
- What subphylum are lancelets in?
- Cephalochordata
- What kind of circulatory system do hagfishes have?
- Open
- Define X-linked
- A term designating an allele found on the X chromosome
- List the four monomers for nucleic acids
- Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
- List all the orders of mammals
- Monotremata, marsupialia, cetaceans, insectivoria, chiroptera, primates, xenarthra, lagomorpha, rodentia, carnivoria, proboscidea, sirenia, perissodactyla, artiodactyla
- Incomplete dominance will result in what?
- A blending of traits.
- List the four main purposes for lipids
- Protection, Waterproofing, Water retaining, Energy
- What does a reptiles ectothermy allow it to do?
- Go very long periods without food
- Hagfishes have a ______ tounge.
- Toothed
- Give an example of a sirenian
- manatee, sea cow
- Why are tunicates called tunicates?
- Because of the loose, leathery tunic that covers their outside.
- What enzyme assembles DNA by adding nitrogenous bases and proofreads the DNA?
- DNA Polymerase
- Contradicting popular belief, bats are not _______.
- Blind
- List the five different kinds of chemical reactions
- Synthesis, Decomposition, Single displacement, Double displacement, Combustion
- How many species of lancelets are there?
- 25
- What do frogs use to attract mates?
- Vocal sacs
- What was the biggest primate adaptation, besides large brains?
- Grasping Hands
- What does an exocytotic process do?
- It takes materials out of a cell
- Which types of reptiles would have the most carnivores?
- Aligators, Crocodiles, Gavules, Snakes
- How many species of hagfish are there?
- 20
- What chordate characteristics do adult hagfish keep?
- The notochord, nerve cord, and pharyngeal pouches
- Exothermic Reaction
- A chemical reaction in which energy/heat is released
- Organic compounds contain which two elements?
- Carbon and Hydrogen.
- What is it called if a larval stage can reproduce?
- Neotemy
- Early fishes had what characteristic that modern fish lack?
- Heavy armor
- Which organism did Darwin observe on the Galapagos islands that led him to his discovery of adaptations?
- Tortoises
- What did Franklin find?
- The structure of DNA
- Name the monomer(s) for lipids
- Glycerol, Fatty Acids
- Water goes in through whaat opening in a tunicate and out what other opening?
- In- mouth Out- atriopore
- When are tunicates motile?
- As larvae
- Artiodactyl societies are usually P____________.
- Patriarchal
- What does Amniotic mean?
- Several membranes
- How many calories does a gram of sugar have?
- 3811
- What type of circulatory system do lancelets have?
- A closed circulatory system
- What is the scientific name for fingers and toes?
- Phalanges
- Hagfishes fall under what class?
- Mixini
- Only ___________ (number) lizards are venomous. What are they?
- 2, Mexican beaded lizard and Gila lizard
- Give the general characteristics of sirenians
- Aquatic, herbivorous, slow mooving, forelimbs as flippers, no hindlegs
- A fish's swim bladder can be used to magnify ___________.
- Sound
- What do sharks and rays use for buoyancy?
- Their liver
- List the elements found in proteins
- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
- What are the classes of fishes?
- Mixini, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Cephalaspidomorphi
- What makes an atom an isotope?
- A change in the number of neutrons in the atom.
- Do amphibians have eyelids?
- Yes, these are different than the nictitating membrane
- Which fins on a fish are paired?
- The pelvic and pectoral fins
- Describe habituation.
- A reaction to a stimulus neither gives a reward or punishment, leading to the organism ignoring the stimulus.
- Carbohydrates have what elements?
- Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
- How many classes of subphylum vertebrata are there?
- 8
- What kinds of things CANNOT diffuse into cells?
- Large molecules and ions
- Give the general characteristics of animals in order perissodactyla
- hoofed, herbivorous, odd number of digits on each foot.
- What kind of feeders are tunicates?
- Filter Feeders
- Typical fishes (bony fishes) such as trout, salmon, cod, goldfish, and flounder, fall under what class?
- Osteichthyes
- How many years ago did fish come on land?
- 350 million
- Give an example of a cetacean
- Whale, porpoise, dolphin
- A ________ is a material of two or more elements that are combined phisically.
- Mixture.
- The __________ combines with glycerol and fatty acids to form lipids
- Carboxyl Group
- Give the general characteristics of animals in order artiodactyla
- Hoofed, herbivorous, two digits per foot
- All reptiles have a double loop and three chambered heart system, except for __which have a __.
- Crocodilians, 4 chambered heart
- What characteristics of chordates do adult lancelets lose?
- None, they keep all chordate characteristics
- Fishes have what symmetry?
- Bilatteral symmetry
- Early fishes had what characteristic that modern fish lack?
- Heavy armor
- What order do bats belong to?
- Chiroptera
- How many intestines do amphibians have and what are they?
- 2, the large and small intestine
- What type of scales do sharks have?
- Placoid scales
- List the four main polysaccharides
- Cellulose, Chitin, Glycogen, Starch
- If a molecule is insoluble it means that it cannot be ___________.
- Polar
- What part of the brain do hagfish lack?
- A cerebellum
- Give an example of a primate
- Lemur, monkey, chimpanzee, human, gibbon, aye-aye, tamarin, gorillas
- How many appendages do hagfish have?
- none
- If a komodo dragon bites you, you will often die or feel pain from a non-bleeding related reason. What is this reason?
- The komodo dragon's bite is very INFECTIOUS (not VENOMOUS) because the carrion it eats has bacteria on it.
- Lagomorphs reproduce (quickly/slowly)
- Quickly
- What does the slime on a hagfish protect from?
- Enzymes
- Sharks, rays, and other cartilaginous fishes fall under what class?
- Chondrichthyes
- Ovoviviporous
- egg-producing, but the egg hatches in the mother's body
- Give an example of a marsupial
- Opposum, kangaroo, koala
- How long are typical hagfishes?
- 16-32 inches
- Where do lancelets live?
- Marine water
- How many teeth can sharks have?
- 20000
- Why are lampreys' gills bidirectional?
- To respire while feeding
- How long do lampreys typically live?
- 1-3 years
- Give an example of a mammal in order proboscidea
- Asian elephant, African elephant
- Viviporous
- gives live birth
- What is a frog's mating "hug" called?
- Amplexus
- What do most fish have that holds air?
- A swim bladder
- What percentage of bony fish are marine?
- 52%
- Lampreys fall under what class?
- Cephalaspidomorphi
- A dihybrid cross will always result in what genotypic ratio?
- 9:3:3:1
- What are the two major branches of primates?
- Monkeys and Apes
- What is the main difference between a skate and a ray?
- Rays are viviparous, skates are oviparous
- Recite the old cell theory.
- All animals are made of cells, all plants are made of cells, all cells come from cells
- Where do lampreys live?
- all water
- What type of circulatory system do most fishes have?
- Closed
- What is the reptile's egg called?
- The amniotic egg
- Define spermatagonium
- A cell that will become a sperm cell
- Any hydrocarbon ending with the prefix "ane" uses what formula to find the number of hydrogen atoms?
- Carbon atoms times two, plus two
- What period did reptiles first appear in?
- Triassic
- What is the name of the bond formed between ammino acids?
- Peptide Bonds
- Most amphibians have ____________ fertilization.
- external
- What was Redi's experiment?
- He coverd meat with gauze to see if maggots got on it.
- What sugar is found in RNA nucleotides?
- Ribose
- What did Avery discover?
- The reason for transformation
- What is the largest lizard in the world?
- The Komodo Dragon
- A monohybrid cross will always result in what genotypic ratio?
- 1:2:1
- What type of symmetry do tunicates posses?
- Asymmetry
- Any hydrocarbon ending with "yne" uses what formula to find the number of hydrogen atoms?
- Carbon atoms times two, minus two
- Endothermic Reaction
- A chemical reaction in which energy/heat is absorbed
- What type of ions do metals release?
- Positive.
- Why do salamanders move in an S pattern?
- Because their legs are at theirr sides
- What do adult tunicates have that larval tunicates posses?
- A tail and notochord
- Which teeth in a shark are functional?
- The outer teeth
- ATP is made of what?
- A nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phospate groups
- Fishes live where?
- Any water
- Define cyclin
- An internal regulator that regulates cell division
- Oviparous
- egg-laying
- Fishes have what skeleton?
- An endoskeleton
- What is the attraction between different molecules called?
- Adhesion.
- What FAMILY are true frogs in?
- Ranidae, with approximately 400 species
- What are the different types of cetaceans?
- Toothed whales, dolphins, baleen whales.
- What did Chargoff discover?
- The relationship between adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine
- What is the name for the DNA of bacteria?
- Plasmid
- The tuatara can go without a breath for an hour. How is this possible?
- Since it is ectothermic and does not constantly need to burn energy to keep warm, it has an extremely low rate of cellular respiration.
- True or false, Some frogs keep their eggs inside their bodies.
- True
- List all the types of fins on a fish.
- Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal
- List all the types of fins on a fish.
- Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal
- What is the mnanatee's system of defense?
- It has none
- Are tunicates hermaphrodites or do they have seperate sexes?
- Sequential hermaphrodites
- Define oobonium
- A cell that will become an egg cell
- What class are reptiles in?
- reptilia
- What is the hollow area of a tunicate called?
- The atrium
- How deep of water can hagfish live in?
- 4000 feet
- Where are an amphibian's mucus glands?
- In the amphibian's skin
- Acids form what ions in water?
- Hydrogen.
- Which classes of fish lack paired fins?
- Mixini and Cephalaspidomorphi
- Baleen whales have larger females than males, toothed whales have larger males than females. This means that both are __________.
- Sexually dimorphic
- Most species of carnivores live where?
- On land
- What is the centromere in chromasomes?
- The area where two chromatids are held together to form a chromasome.
- What digestive organs do reptiles lack? (It helps with mechanical digestion)
- Teeth
- What two traits do most amphibians lack that fish or reptiles have?
- Scales and claws
- All tunicates live in what enviroment?
- Marine water
- If a solution is isotonic that means that _____________________.
- The concentration gradient is equal.
- What form does fish waste take?
- Ammonia
- List the four main monosaccharides
- Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mamose
- What is the hollow area of a tunicate called?
- The atrium
- Why do cells transform?
- Because they come in contact with foreign DNA
- Give the general characteristics of animals in order chiroptera.
- Flies, usually nocturnal,
- Give an example of a monotreme
- platypus, echnida
- Ovoviviporous
- egg-producing, but the egg hatches in the mother's body
- How far from their original nest do mice form their nests?
- 200 feet
- What is another name for lancelets and what does it mean?
- Amphioxus- Both ends Pointed
- What did Watson and Crick interpret?
- Franklin's DNA X-Ray
- Give the general characteristics of carnivores.
- Most are carnivorous, marine, terrestrial, or amphibian like
- What does the stromata release?
- Water and gas
- Where is the DNA in prokaryotic cells?
- In the nuclear area
- What gland produces poison in amphibians, and where is it located?
- The paratoid gland(s). These are located in the skin, except for in toads, where it is behind the eyes.
- What is a nictitating membrane?
- A thin, transparent membrane covering an amphibian's eyes
- Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in __________ that is used for energy.
- Animals
- List the three main disaccharides
- Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose
- Give the general characteristics of primates.
- Complex behaviors, large brains, binocular vision, five digits
- Give an example of a mammal in order artiodactyla
- sheep, cow, hippopotamus, antelope, camel, giraffe, pig
- What does "Amphibian" mean?
- Double life
- What does photosystem 1 do?
- It accepts and re-energizes electrons, and forms NADPH and ATP
- What is another name for lancelets and what does it mean?
- Amphioxus- Both ends Pointed
- What are the general characteristics of reptiles?
- scaly skin, watertight, sheds, dry skin, many have claws
- What is the formula for ammonia?
- NH3
- Lancelets are usually under what size?
- 5 cm
- Most bony fish mature in _________ years.
- 1-5
- How do lancelets respire?
- Using their gills (pharyngeal pouches) and diffusion
- What can a fish's color indicate?
- Family, sexual maturity, aggresion, territory, age, sex, and camoflauge.
- What is an amphibian's skin like, and what is the effect of this?
- It is porous and non water-tight, forcing them to live close to water
- Which classes of fishes do not have jaws?
- Mixini and cephalaspidomorphi
- What FAMILY are toads in?
- Bufanidae, with approximately 300 species
- Define physiology
- The function of something
- What is the largest mammalian vein?
- The Superior Vena Cava
- What percentage of their body weight do manatees eat daily?
- 10-15%
- List the characteristics that all mammals share.
- Mammary glands, lungs, 4 chambered heart, endothermy, fur/hair, fat, usually sweat glands
- Starch is a carbohydrate found in plants that is used for _______.
- Energy
- Give an example of a mammal in order perissodactyla
- horse, donkey, rhinoceros, tapir
- What kind of feeders are lancelets?
- Filter Feeders
- Why do hagfishes tye themselves in knots?
- To rid themselves of slime and excape predators.
- Why do rodents chew hard objects?
- To keep their teeth at a reasonable size
- All tunicates live in what enviroment?
- Marine water
- Which organ in reptiles detects chemicals?
- Jacobson's organ
- Lancelets have rows of V shaped muscles. What are they used for?
- Locomotion
- What organ digests carbohydrates, and what hormone does it use to do this?
- The pancreas, by using insulin.
- Van der Waals forces use which type of bonding?
- Covalent.
- How many chambers does an amphibian's heart have and what are they?
- 3, left atrium, right atrium, central ventricle
- How many species of lancelets are there?
- 25
- Fishes live where?
- Any water
- How many distinct species of Tuatara are there?
- 3
- What are bony fishes' bones made of?
- calcium
- What limitations do reptiles have?
- Size, can't breathe in water, can only live in warm places
- Give the general characteristics of animals in order proboscidea
- Herbivorous, have trunks, extremely large
- Where do turtles live?
- Marine or fresh water
- What is the term for a cell shriveling due to a lack of water?
- Crenation
- Give an example of a mammal in order chiroptera
- fruit bat, flying fox, vampire bat
- What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?
- Deoxyribose
- Adult lampreys feed in what way?
- Parasitically
- What gives animal cells their shape?
- Microfilaments and microtubuoles.
- Hagfish have ________ number of tentacles around their mouth.
- 6-8
- What subphylum are tunicates in?
- Urochordata
- What is the attraction between the same molecules called?
- Cohesion.
- Define Autosomal Recessive
- A term designating an allele found on autosomal chromasomes that is recessive
- How many species of lobe finned fishes are there?
- 7
- What are centrioles?
- Small organelles that arrange the spindle fibers
- What type of joints were primates the first to develop?
- Ball and socket joints
- What is the difference between a plant cell's vacuole(s) and an animal cell's vacuole(s)
- A plant cell has one large vacuole, an animal cells has many small vacuoles
- Give an example of a lagomorph
- rabit, pika, hare
- What is an eft?
- An immature, terrestrial form of an amphibian
- What form does fish waste take?
- Ammonia
- How do amphibian larvae feed?
- They are grazing herbivores or filter-feeders
- What are bat excretions known as?
- Guano
- True or false; Tunicates can be colonial.
- True, colonial tunicates also have a common excurrent siphon
- What are a fish's scales for?
- Drag reduction, they can also indicate age though.
- Define eukaryote
- A cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- In an ionic bond, do electrons go one or two ways?
- One.
- What does an endocytotic process do?
- It brings materials into a cell
- What is the equation for hexane?
- C6 H14
- What do the kidneys do and why?
- They concentrate ammonia to prevent water loss.
- Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in plants that is used for __________.
- Structure
- What is the term for a cell drooping due to a lack of water?
- Plasmolosis
- What are members of the order artiodactyla more commonly called?
- Even-toed ungulates
- Gestation is the period from ____________.
- Fertilization to birth
- How many years can a well-adapted frog live without water?
- 7 years
- What period did reptiles come in?
- The Triassic
- What did Hershey and Chase discover?
- Whether DNA or Protein is the reason that viruses are infectious.
- What are the pits on crocodilians used for?
- Detecting water pressure.
- Give an example of an insectivore
- Shrew, mole, hedgehog
- If a plant self-pollinates it is ________________.
- True breeding
- Bases (or Alkalis) form what ions in water?
- Hydroxide.
- What is the bottom of a turtle's shell called?
- The plastron
- What kind of things can diffuse into a cell?
- Water, gasses, alchohol, small molecules such as drugs, etc.
- What is a cell membrane made of?
- A phospholipid bilayer
- List the orders of amphibians and what they include.
- Apoda, caecillians (legless amphibians): Urodela, salamanders and newts : Anura, frogs and toads
- What is the formula for ammonia?
- NH3
- What is the largest frog?
- The Goliath Frog
- Define anatomy
- The structure of something
- What is the outer layer of the brain called?
- The cerebral cortex
- Fishes have what symmetry?
- Bilatteral symmetry
- Give an example of operate conditioning.
- In house-training a dog, if a dog is punished when excreting indoors or breaking anything, the dog will eventually learn not to break anything or excrete indoors. (accept anything with similar parameters)
- What are the classes of reptiles?
- Squamata (lizards and snakes), crocodilia (crocodiles and alligators), sphenodonta (tuatara), testudines (turtles and tortoises)
- What does transcription produce?
- RNA
- What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organism's cells?
- Unicellular must be self-sustaining, multicellular cells may specialize
- What do the kidneys filter?
- Water, sallt, and NH3 (Ammonia)
- Disaccharides are carbohydrates using what chemical equation?
- C12 H22 O11
- What two organelles, besides the nucleus, contain DNA?
- The mitochondria and the chloroplasts
- Reptiles include which organisms that have the most acidic stomachs of all organisms?
- Crocodiles
- Carbon is special because it can form single, double, or triple links with what?
- Carbon.
- Which fins became amphibians' limbs?
- The pelvic and pectoral fins.
- How many eggs can one toad produce in a year?
- 35000
- What characteristics of chordates do adult lancelets lose?
- None, they keep all chordate characteristics
- What did Griffith discover?
- He discovered transformation
- How many pairs of gill openings do hagfish have? (Distinguishes from lampreys)
- 1, lampreyes have 7
- How do lancelets respire?
- Using their gills (pharyngeal pouches) and diffusion
- What are the two main differences between rats and mice?
- Rats are larger and have more scales on their tails than mice
- What do the kidneys do and why?
- They concentrate ammonia to prevent water loss.
- What subphylum are tunicates in?
- Urochordata
- What is another name for members of order Apoda? (besides Caecillians)
- Rubber eels
- What bodily chemicals are steroids?
- Hormones
- True or false; Tunicates can be colonial.
- True, colonial tunicates also have a common excurrent siphon
- Which teeth are well developed in carnivores?
- Canines
- A _________ is a combination of two elements that are perfectly spread out.
- Solution.
- What does the Calvin cycle do?
- It forms NADP+
- How is the hierarchy of the Galapagos tortoises determined?
- By the length of the tortoise's necks
- What is the top of the turtles shell called?
- The carapace
- What subphylum are lancelets in?
- Cephalochordata
- Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
- Anaerobic
- What is a hagfishes' endoskeleton composed of?
- fibers and cartilige
- The prefix "ose" refers to what?
- Carbohydrates
- Lancelets spend most of their time where?
- In the sand
- What are the 3 kinds of RNA?
- Transfer (tRNA) Ribosomal (rRNA) Messenger (mRNA)
- Where do amphibians lay their eggs? (Assuming it is an oviparous organism)
- In water
- What is the chemical formula for glycolosis?
- C6 H12 O6 + ATP + 2NAP+ = 2 pyruvic acid + 4ATP + 2NADH
- Name the monomer for proteins
- Ammino Acids
- What do all chordates have at some point in their life?
- A hollow dorsal nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a tail that extends beyond th anus.
- How large can a group of hagfishes be?
- 15000 organisms
- Give the general characteristics of monotremes.
- Has cloaca, lays eggs
- True or false, Caecillians can see ultraviolet light.
- False, Caecillians are blind
- What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?
- Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
- Dehydration Synthisis
- When two monomers combine, a water molecule is lost.
- Name the monomer for nucleic acids
- Nucleotides
- Lancelets are usually under what size?
- 5 cm
- Who invented the microscope?
- Robert Hooke
- An elephants tusks are actually its _________.
- Canines
- What kind of transport is diffusion?
- Passive transport
- How can fishes feed?
- Carnivores, parasites, omnivores, detrivores, herbivores, filter feeders
- Codominance will result in what?
- Several different alleles being expressed individually.
- Chitin is a carbohydrate found in animals that is used for _________.
- Structure
- Smooth ER does what?
- It synthesises lipids and detoxifies substances