Psych chapter 1,2,3
Terms
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- What are the four major research perspectives?
- Biological, Cognitive, Sociocultural, Behavioral
- Biological psychologists look for causes within our _____, _____, and _____.
- physiology, genetics, human evolution
- What is a prototype? (Fruit)
- The image that we each feel represents a certain group. (Apple, orange)
- What do behavioral psychologists study?
- How environmental factors influence our actions.
- What do sociocultural pyshcologists study?
- How other people and the cultural context impact our behavior.
- Operant conditioning involved the relationship between _____ and ________.
- our behavior, environmental consequences
- What three categories do all research methods fall into?
- Experimental, correlational, and descriptive
- What are the three types of descriptive methods?
- Case studies, observational techniques, and survey research
- Third variable problem
- the idea that a variable that isn't an independent now dependent variable can mess up findings
- What are the two types of descriptive statistics?
- central tendency, measures of variability
- what are the three types of central tendency
- mean, median, mode
- mean
- the actual average
- median
- very middle score
- mode
- score that occurs the most
- range
- difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
- standard deviation
- average extent that the scores vary from the mean of the distribution
- normal distribution percentages
- 68% in first S.D., 95% in second S.D., 99% in third S.D.
- right skewed distribution
- a bell curve that leans to the left
- left skewed distribution
- a bell curve that leans to the right
- psychology
- the science of behavior and mental processes
- glial cells
- support system for the neurons
- ratio of glial cell to neurons
- 10:1
- how much blood is pumped to the brain
- 20%
- how much oxygen does the brain use
- 25%
- agonist
- a drug or poison that increases the activity of one or more neurotransmitters
- antagonist
- a drug or poison that inhibits the activity of one or more neurotransmitters
- acetycholine (ACh)
- a neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and muscle movement
- dopamine
- a neurotransmitter that impacts our arousal, mood states, thought processes and muscle movements
- GABA
- the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system
- endorphins
- the main neurotransmitters involved in pain perception and relief
- what are the two major parts of the nervous system?
- peripheral nervous system, central nervous system
- what are the three types of neurons in the CNS?
- interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons
- spinal reflex
- a simple automatic action that doesn't involve the brain
- what are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?
- somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system
- somatic nervous system
- moves the outside parts of your body
- autonomic nervous system
- moves the inside parts of your body
- what are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?
- parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
- the nervous system that takes over control of your insides when you're not in a state of arousal
- sympathetic nervous system
- the nervous system that takes over when your body is in a state of arousal
- how are the endochrin glandular system and the nervous system connected?
- they aren't, but they work together to make everything run smoothly
- exochrine glands (examples?)
- excrete chemicals outside of the body, sweat and tears
- endochrine glands (example)
- secrete chemicals inside the body into the bloodstream, hormones
- hormones
- a chemical messenger secreted by the endochrine system into the bloodstream and sent to a specific part of the body
- Hypothalamus controls?
- the pituitary gland and endochrine system
- pituitary gland controls? secretes? what do the secretions do?
- everything but the hypothalamus, hormones, tell other glands to release their own hormones
- three components of emotions
- cognitive, behavioral, physiological
- the behavioral component of emotion is a product of the ____ nervous system?
- somatic
- James-Lange theory
- emotional follows physiological and behavioral response
- Cannon-Bard theory
- all responses happen at the same time
- Schachter and Singer two-factor theory
- physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal trigger emotions
- central core components
- brain stem, medulla, thalamus, reticular formation, cerebellum, basal ganglia
- limbic system components
- hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
- medulla
- regulates heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, digestion
- reticular formation
- arousal and awareness
- cerebellum
- balance, movements, motor and procedural learning
- thalamus
- relay station for sensory information
- basal ganglia
- initiation and execution of physical movements
- hippocampus
- memories
- amygdala
- regulates emotional experiences, fear, anger and aggression