7th grade science final-minisink.lizb
Terms
undefined, object
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- fungi characteristics
-
most are multicellular
stationary
reproduce by spores
usually can be colorful or white
contain no chlorophyll
cannot make theri own food - what is the function of fungi?
-
gets nutients from other organism
1. parasite - organism that gets nutrients from another living organism called a host.
2. saprophyte - organism that feeds on dead organic matter example- bracket fungi fallen from tree - how are fungi helpful?
-
yeast for baking
mushrooms
Penicillin(mold used in making the antibiotic penicillin) - how are fungi harmful?
-
-mold on food
-bracket fungi on a living tree(harm it)
-fungal diseases- ATHLETE'S FOOD(parasite mold, ring worm
-plant diseases- dutch elm diseas, potato blight - what structures are on fungi?
-
-HYPHAE- THREADLIKE PART ON MAIN PART OF BODY
SPORES - MICROSCOPIC PART OF FUNGI USED IN REPRODUCTION, (COME IN DIFFERENT SHAPES) - BEST GROWING CONDITIONS FOR FUNGI
- WARM, WET AND DARK AREAS
- IN FLOWER REPRODUCTION THE OVARY BECOMES THE _________
- FRUIT
- A FLOWER'S FEMALE PART IS CALLED THE ----
- PISTIL
- A FLOWERS MALE PART IS CALLED THE
- STAMEN
-
IN A PLANT THE EGG CELL IT CALLED _____
IT JOINS WITH POLLEN DURING FERTILIZATION - OVULE
- TWO WAYS ROOTS CAN HELP A PLANT
-
MAKE IT STAY IN THE GROUND
HELP IT ? - TWO WAYS STEMS CAN HELP A PLANT
- SUPPORT THE PLANT AND BRING MINERALS TO THE LEAF
- TWO INGREDIENTS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- CO2(CARBON DIOXIDE) AND WATER
- TWO ORGANISMS OF MONERANS
- BACTERIA AND CYAN BACTERIA
- DO MONERANS HAVE A NUCLEUS
- NO
- MONERANS BELONG TO WHAT KINGDOM?
- MONERA
- HOW IS BACTERIA HELPFUL
- EAT SEWAGE
- HOW IS BACTERIA HARMFUL
- IT CAN MAKE PEOPLE SICK
- GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF A FISH WITH A CARTILAGE SKELETON
- SHARK
- AN ADAPTATION FOR THE HAWK IS _______
- SHARP TEETH USED FOR TEARING ITS PREY
- BODY TEMPERATURE CHANGES WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS
- COLD BLOODED
- WHY ARE HUMANS MORE COMPLEX THAN ALL VERTEBRATES
- WE HAVE A MORE COMPLETE BRAIN AND WE CAN THINK FASTER
- CLASS OF VERTEBRATES THAT LIVE PART OF THEIR LIFE IN WATER AND PART OF THEIR LIFE ON LAND
- AMPHIBIAN
- PROCESS WHICH CELLS USE TO CHANGE FOOD AND OXYGEN INTO ENERGY
- CELL RESPIRATION
- THE STUDY OF MATTER AND THE CHANGES IT MAKE INSIDE AN ORGANISM
- CHEMISTRY
- DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH A CELL MEMBRANE
- OSMOSIS
- THE SMALLEST PART OF AN ELEMENT
- Atom
- ANYTHING THAT TAKES UP SPACE AND HAS MASS
- MATTER
- all organisms contain the elements
- carbon, oxygen, hygrogen and nitrogen
- is wood burning a physical change or a chemical change
- chemical change
- what are the letter letters used to represent an element
- symbol
- what is a symbol and what is a formula
-
symbol is an abbreviatin for an element
a formula is an abbreviation for a compound - how do you find the total magnification
-
multiply the eyepiece magnification by the object lens magnification
EYEPICE MAG. X OBJECT LENS MAG. - rules before you use a microscope
-
1. carry the microscope with two hands
2. clean lenses with lens paper
3. never use the coarse adjustment WITH HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE
4. don't fool around when using the microscope - this layer is usually found on disease causing bacteria outside protective protective layer`
- capsule
- scud layer that gives bacteria additional durability and shape
- cell wall
- permeable membrane that has a variety of functions, including bringing chemicals out of the cell
- cell membrane
- gel-like material inside cell that protects parts and helps materials around the cell
- cytoplasm
- this par tof the cell makes various proteins
- ribosomes
- genetic material that controls the functions of the genes of the organism
- dna
- a tail used for getting around
- flagella
- a tough band of tissue which holds bones together at the joint
- ligament
- movable joint that allows bones to move back and forth
- hinge joint
- in this joint one bone has a rounded end and fits into a hollow in the other bone
- ball and socket joint
- soft tissue in the center of many bones whic containes nerves and blooc vessels
- marrow
- a thick, living memebrane or covering of bone
- periosteum
- movable joint which allows you to twist and rotate
- pivot joint
- this is found in flat bones and produces red and white blooD cells
- red marrow
- the hard layer found on the outside of bone
- compact bone
- what is the purpose of the skeleton
- to support and give shape to the body
- two minerals that harden bones are called
- cacium and phosphorous
- how many bones make up the skeleton
- 206
- how many vertebrae make up the spinal cord
- 24
- largest bone in the human body
- femur
- where did today's coal come from?
- many years ago dead ferns wer pressurized under many layers of soil and this produced coal
-
plants with uUNCOVERED SEEDS USUALLY IN CONES
HAVE NEEDLE LIKE LEAVES
GREEN ALL YEAR LONG
VESSELS TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS - GYMNOSPERM
- EXAMPLES O9F GYMNOSPERMS
- PINE, SPRUCE FIR TAMARACK
-
PLANTS WITH FLOWERS AND COVERED SEEDS
HAVE VASCULAR TISSUE - ANGIOSPERM
- TWO FUNCTINS OF LEAVES
-
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TAKE WATER AND NUTRIENTS FROM SOIL -
ANGIOSPERM CHARACTERISTICS
FOUR EXAMPLES -
FLOWERS PRODUCE FRUIT WITH SEEDS INSIDE
FRUIT PROTECTS SEEDS
ROSES, TULIPS, MAPLE, OAK, ZUCHINNI - WHAT IS XYLEM
- TUBES WHICH CARRY WATER AND MINERALS UP FROM THE ROOTS
- WHAT IS PHLOEM
- TUBES WHICH CARRY FOOD MAKE IN THE LEAVES TO THE FOOT OF THE PLANT
- WHAT DO STEMS DO
-
SUPPORT THE LEAVES AND WHOLE PLANT
TRANSPORT OR CARRY WATER AND MINERALS TO LEAVES - PHOTOSYNTHES EQUATION
-
CO2+H2O ----SUNLIGHT AND CHLOROPHYL----
= O2+ SUGAR - CHARACTERISTIC OF A FERN
-
1. ROOTS CALLED RHIZOMES
2. LIVE IN MOIST AREAS
3. THOUGHT TO BE THE FIRST LAND PLANTS - name the five kingdoms
-
plant
animal-
fungi
protist- single celled
moneran- cyanbcteria and bacteria- - what does a bacterium form to protect itself from cold weather
- endospore
- cyanobacteria can make its own food because it contains
- chlorophylL
- a large group of bacteria is called
- a colony
- two organisms found in the Moneran Kingdom
-
bacteria
cyanbacteria - name three characteristics of the Monerans
-
no nucleus
one celled
tiny organism - three shapes of bacteria
-
rod
spiral
circular - name the three shapes of bacteria
-
rod - bacillus
spiral - spirullum
circular - coccus - two ways bacteria can be helpful
-
flavoring cheese
reduce sewage
fight desease - how can bacteria be harmful
- cause desease
- a hairlike structure that helps paramecium get around
- cilia
- tail-like structure that helps the euglena move
- flagellum
- protective covering outside of a protist, helps it survive dry, cold conditions
- cyst
- called " false feet on the amoeba, helps it move
- pseudopod
- how does an amoeba eat
- wrap pseudopod around food
- IS CRUSHING A ROCK CHEMICAL CHANGE OR PHYSICAL CHANGE
- PHYSICAL
- THIS KIND OF JOINT HAS VERY LITTLE MOVEMENT - EXAMPLE THE SKULL
- FIXED JOINT
- FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON
-
1. PROVIDES SHAPE AND SUPPORT TO THE BODY
2. PROVIDES A FRAME TO WHICH MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED
3. PROTECTS INTERNAL ORGANS SUCH AS LUNGS, HEART ETC
4.SUPPLIES AND STORES MINERALS/CALCIUM/POSPHOROUS
5. HELPS FORM BLOOD CELLS - THIS BONE HAS OPEN SPACES FOUND TOWARD THE END OF BONES
- SPONGY BONE
- THIS BONE IS HARD NOT SPONGY
- COMPACT BONE
- SOFT TISSUE IN THE CENTER OF THE BONE WHICH CONTAINS NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS
- MARROW- THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MARROW YELLOW AND RED
-
THIS KIND OF MARROW IS FOUND IN FLAT BONES LIKE RIBS
- PRODUCES RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS - RED MARROW
- THIS MARROW IS MOSTLY FAT TISSUE AND FOUND AT THE CENTER OF LONG BONES- IF THERE IS LOSS LARGE LOSS OF BLOOD THIS MARROW CAN PRODUCE RED BLOOD CELLS.
- YELLOW MARROW
- THIS IS THE BONE COVERING- IT IS A THICK TOUGH COVERING
- PERIOSTEUM
- A TOUGH BONE TISSUE THAT HOLDS BONES TOGETHER
- LIGAMENT
- TUBE OPENINGS IN BONE
- HAVERSIAN CANALS
- HOW MANY BONES ARE IN THE EAR
- 3 TINY BONES
- TWO MINERALS THAT HARDEN BONE
- CALDIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS
- NAME OF THE BREASTBONE
- STERNUM
- NAME OPF THE LEG BONES
-
FIBULA
FEMUR
TIBIA - NAME OF ARM BONES
-
HUMEROUS
RADIUS
ULNAR - A TRAIT WHICH STAYS HIDDEN WHEN A DOMINANT FORM IS PRESENT
- RECESSIVE
- A FORM OF A TRAIT WHICH ALWAYS SHOWS UP
- DOMINANT
- UNIT OF INHERITANCE THAT IS PASSED FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING
- GENE
- A THREADLIKE STRUCTURE IN CELLS NUCLEUS WHICH CARRIES THE GENETIC CODE
- CHROMOSOME
- IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD THE ANSWER TO THE EXPERIMENT BASED ON THE CHANGES YOU SEE
- CONCLUSION
-
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
AN IDEA WHICH EXPLAINS SOMETHING - IS THE THEORY
- IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD THE QUESTION TO BE ANSWERED IS THE ____
- PROBLEM
- NAME THE FOUR STEPS
-
OBSERVATION- OF THE DATA(INFORMATION) YOU HAVE
HYPOTHESIS- AN EDUCATED GUESS ABOUT THE POSSIBLE EXPLANATION OF THE DATA(INFORMATION) BEFORE TESTING IT
PROCEDURE- WHAT HAPPENS DURING THE TEST
CONCLUSION- THE ANSWER TO THE EXPERIMENT - IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD THE FIRST STEP OF OBSERVATION USUALLY HAS A QUESTION TO BE ANSWERED. WHAT IS THIS QUESTION CALLED.
- THE PROBLEM
-
IN THE BEGINING OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD YOU ARE OBSERVING THE DATA YOU HAVE.
DURING THE EXPERIMENT YOU ARE OBSERVING WHAT IS GOING ON. THE FACTS YOU GAIN DURING THE EXPERIMENT ARE CALLED. -
DATA - (DATA IS INFORMATION)
when data is based on facts then it is true - a step by step way of solving a scientific problem
- scientific method
- a test to find out why things happen
- experiment
- the part of the experiment that does not change
- is called the control group
- this group in the experiment changes
- variable
-
group a group b
spider plant spider plant
placed in soil placed in soil
water &sunny daily water, sunny
daily but
fertilizer added -
1. which is the control group?
2. which is the variable group?
3. the best hypothesis (educated guess before you do experiment) is?
see hint for answers - basic unit of all living things
- cell
- who was the first person to look at cells under a simple microscope
- ROBERT HOOKE
- PROVIDES THE MOST OBJECT-MAFNIFICATION ON WHICH IS USUALLY ABOUT 40X
- HIGH POWER
- PROVIDES THE LEAST MAGNIFICATION - USUALLY 10X
- LOW POWER OBJECTIVE
- MOVES THE BODY TUBE UP AND DOWN FOR FOCUSING
- COARSE ADJUSTMENT
- WHO INVENTED THE MICROSCOPE
- ANTON VANLEEUWENHOEK
- WHO WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO SEE MICROBES-BACTERIA
- THE SAME PERSON WHO INVENTED THE MICROSCOPE - ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
- IN A DISSECTING MICROSCOPE THE SIZE OF THE OBJECT MUST BE
- 3D LARGE AND SOLID
- IN THE DISSECTING MICROSCOPE THERE ARE TWO EYEPIECES- THESE EYEPIECES MAGNIFY HOW MANY TIMES
- 20
- A COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE ALSO HAS TW0 LENS OR SOMETIMES MORE THE OBJECT TO BE SEEN MUST BE
- TRANSPARENT, THIN, MICROSCOPIC(CANNOT BE SEEN WITH EYE), FLAT
- IN A LIGHT MICROSCOPE HOW IS THE OBJECT SEEN
- THE LIGHT PASSES THROUGH THE OBJECT
-
1.WHAT IS AN OBJECT CALLED WHEN IT IS LARGE ENOUGH TO BE SEEN BY THE EYE
2.WHAT IS AN OBJECT CALLED WHEN IT IS TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN BY THE EYE -
1.MACROSCOPIC - BEGINS WITH(MA)
2. MICROSCOPIC - BEGINS WITH (MI) - THIS TYPE OF MICROSCOPE ONLY HAS ONE LENS
- SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
- WHAT DOES THE LENS IN A MICROSCOPE DO
- MAGNIFY
- IN A MICROSCOPE WHAT IS THE MIRROR USED FOR
- TO DIRECT THE LIGHT UP THROUGH THE STAGE
- WHY IS THE DIAPHRAM ADJUSTED
- TO ALLOW MORE LIGHT IN
- WHICH POWER OBJECTIVE DO YOU PUT IN PLACE FIRST
- THE LOW POWER OBJECTIVE
-
1. WHICH KNOB IS USED TO RAISE AND LOWER THE BODY TUBE VERY LITTLE AND IS USED FOR HIGH POWER
2. WHICH KNOB IS USED TO RAISE ANDLOWER THE BODY TUBE MORE(ABOUT SEVERAL INCHES) -
1. FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
2. COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB