Diversity of Life Final Exam
Terms
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- male-male competition
- when males fight with each other to attract femaled
- resource partitioning
- Live in same geographic area, same habitat, use it at same time of day, but exploit the resource in a different way
- territory
- any area that an animal defends against other animals
- food, nutrients, resources, sunlight, water
- abiotic extrinsic limiting factors
- prey
- Organism that is injured or killed
- behavioral ecology
- examines the ways in which behavior is adaptive, how behavior varies, how it evolves
- pecking order
- common term for "dominance hierarchy"
- character displacement
- Modify your physical shape through natural selection
- bowerbirds
- interior design birds
- disturbance
- forces that disrupt a natural ecosystem
- coevolution
- • Predators and their prey are caught up in an evolutionary arms race
- competition
- when two or more organisms use the same resource in a way that affects the birth rate or death rate of the competitors
- runaway selection
- - trait becomes reinforced generation after generation until it is greatly exaggerated, can be a dangerous burden
- repertoire
- the number of songs a bird can sing
- Borgia
- author of the good genes model
- good genes model
- male's appearance, his ability to thrive, suggest that he has good genes, great for making your babies
- intraspecific competition
- competition between members of the same species
- polygynous
- type of society in which one male mates with several females
- interspecific competition
- competition between members of different species
- fundamental niche
- the niche a species would use to maximize potential
- aesthetic preference model
- maybe females simply like the way you look...
- intrinsic limiting factors
- changes in reproductive physiology, changes in behavior that decrease the rate of population
- Fisher
- author of the runaway selection theory
- exploitation
- scramble competition
- handicap model
- if male can carry around huge tails or antlers and still avoid predators, feed himself, etc.. he must be really great
- true predator
- animal that operates by the "kill it and eat it" theory
- courtship displays
- elaborate ritualized behaviors that include songs, dances
- non-equilibrium theory
- stresses the importance of disturbance
- mixed-species foraging flock
- method for coexistence using resource partitioning
- megachiropterans
- eat mainly flowers, fruit, nectar
- active pursuit
- chase it and kill it
- competitive exclusion
- when one species is a better competitor than another, and forces it into local extinction
- ambush predator
- hide, wait for prey to come to you
- Darwin
- author of the aesthetic preference model
- interference
- contest competition
- competition, predation, symbiosis
- biotic extrinsic limiting factors
- microchiropterans
- smaller bats that feed on insects, most of which are captured in flight
- scramble competition
- exploit resources by using them up
- carnivore
- eats meat
- keystone predators
- predators are so important that the proper functioning of the ecosystem depends upon them
- female choice
- females actively selected their desired mates
- Zahavi
- author of the handicap model
- contest competition
- engage in a face to face contest over limited resources
- leks
- arenas where birds gather to compete for females
- predator
- any organism that eats another organism
- parasitoid
- insects lay their eggs in hosts (often paralyzed), young hatch, eat host alive
- density-independent limiting factors
- Limiting factors that have the same effect regardless of how dense the population has become (forest fires, tidal waves)
- balance of nature
- the cosmic forces that keep the delicate balance between organisms and their environment, studied by natural theologians
- echolocation
- ability to hunt by sound
- density-dependent limiting factor
- Limiting factor that acts in proportion to how dense the population has become
- tidbitting
- • Offer a potential mate a juicy morsel, like a ripe berry or juicy grub
- realized niche
- the niche a species is forced into due to competition
- herbivore
- eats plants
- dominance hierarchy
- • Linear sequence of dominant and sub-dominant males
- sexual selection
- Darwin's explanation for cases in which natural selection seemed to be counter-productive
- niche
- is the ecological role that a species plays in a biological community, the sum total of its needs and the parameters within which it can survive
- transfer effect
- • Certain physical traits (bright plumage etc...) attract a mate, These traits become replaced by external objects, such as bower decorations