History Review section 1
Terms
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- Spanish Armada
- fleet of many spanish people who assumed they would win the battle and a storm blew them apart and they were defeated
- Paleolithic/ Old Stone Age
- earliest age of human history, 2 million B.C.-10,000 B.C.
- rhetoric
- the art of skillfull speaking
- Elizabeth
- was a Catholic, but was more concerned with people than religion
- Hellenic Period
- 750- 338 B.C. formation of different government, changes in warfare, middle class grew
- Ship innovations
- caravel sail, new weapons
- Divine Rights
- believed authority came directly from god
- The Polis
- city state, Acropolis temples, lower city, smaller populations, originally rulers were kings
- James II
- inherited throne in 1685, flaunted Catholic faith, fled for France when daughter took throne, was known as the Glorious Revolution
- Bacon
- a scientist in the Renaissance who stressed experimentation and observation and wanted science to make life better. wanted pratical technology
- Richelieu
- King supreme in France, France supreme in England. defeated private armies and reduced independence, chief minister to Louis XIII
- Descartes
- emphasized human reasoning as the best way to understand
- Bureaucracy
- a government with different departments
- James I
- England, wanted divine rights, clashed with parliament, would collect taxes on his own
- Henry VIII
- went from being very, very Catholic to starting his own church over an anullment he wanted and they wouldnt give him
- Nomad
- people moving from place to place as they follow game and ripening fruit
- Credit Requirements
- 130 credits to graduate
- Joint Stock Company
- allowed people to pool large amounts of capital needed for overseas ventures
- inflation
- a sharp increase in the amount of money available
- Geography
- the study of people, their enviornments, and the resources available to them, LOCATION, PLACE, HUMAN ENVIORNMENT INTERACTION, MOVEMENT, REGION
- Van Eyck's
- Flemish painters developed realistic detail in painting
- Mycenaen Era
- 1400- 1100 B.C. HUGE sea traders, Trojan War
- Catherine the Great
- embraced Russian orthodox faith, and won loyalty of people, codified laws, education, embraced western ideas, murdered her husband, partitioned and took eastern Poland
- Archaeologists
- the study of past people and cultures
- Petrarch
- Florence, humanist, made libraries of Greek and Roman culture. Went back to old stuff to get most accurate info.
- Durer
- German artist that study technique of Italian masters. was compared to Leonardo Da Vinci because of his wide range of interests
- Historian
- study how people lived in the past
- Reasons for Versailles
- housed nobles and officials, hunting for Louis
- Attendance Policy
- after 10 days of missing you lose credits, after 20 minutes you are marked absent
- tariff
- taxes on imported goods designed to protect local industries from foreign competition by increasing prices of imported goods
- Galleons
- english ships were smaller, harder to hit
- Artisans
- skilled craft workers, made pottery or finely carved or woven goods, metal working developed
- Glacier
- sheet of ice that covered a lot of land which made it hard for them to live there
- Louis XIV
- L'etat, c'est moi., bulit Versailles, expanded bereaucracy, strong army
- American-ness
- we are all BIASED
- circumnavigate
- sail around the world
- Charles V
- was ruler of Holy Roman Empire and Spain, gave up crown because there were to many people against him, gave brother Ferdinad HRE and son Philip Spain, netherlands, southern italy and overseas empires. Gave up his title and entered a monastery
- Perspective
- a way to make a painting look 3D
- de Cervantes
- wrote Don Quixote, 1st modern novel in Europe, made fun of traditions of Spains feuldal past
- CULTURAL DIFFUSION
- the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
- Socratic Method
- a method of surveying people on the streets or any other place about what they think of a certain idea
- Protestant Reformation
- 16th century, Luther split christianity into Catholic and Protestant and spread his ideas
- Peter the Great
- Russia, studied western technology, impressed by Parliament, wanted to strengthen the military, expand Russian borders, and centralize royal powers, St Petersburg
- SPIRES
- social, political, intellectual, religious, economics, scientific
- Tragedy
- stir up emotions of pity and fear, people not gods (writers: Aeschylos, Sophocles, Euripides) (plays: The Oresteia, Antigone)
- capitalism
- the investment of money to make a profit
- Ignatius
- lead Jesuits in a crusade and helped get back the catholic religion
- Bruegel
- Flemish painter, used lively colors and painted daily life
- Prehistory
- refers to long period of time before people invented systems of writing
- Human enviornment interaction
- people interacting with the enviornment
- Comedy
- critized society (writer: Aristophanes)
- Movement
- movement of people, goods, and ideas(cultural diffusion)
- Rubens
- Flemish, combined traditions with classical themes and artistic freedom
- predestination
- `John Calvin thought that god decided who got salvation
- How is the US seen
- other coutries jealous of us, easy to see, treated well, expect the rest of the world to speak English, not interested in people but stuff, don't respect us, wealthy
- Agricultural Revolution
- people learned to farm, could produce their own food, didnt have to move around all the time, created first calendar and tools
- The English Civil War
- 1642-1649 Cavaliers (wealthy nobles, CHARLES, well trained), Roundheads(Cromwell, tough fighters, country gentrys, manufacturers, and puritan clergy) Roundheads won and Charles was executed
- Cheating
- looking at another students paper, talking during a test, and giving another student test information prior to test
- Thomas More
- ideal utopia for government
- Long Parliament
- it lasted on and off from 1640 to 1653
- Dark Age
- 1100- 750 B.C., decline of Mycenaeans due to attack by the Dorian people, decline of civilization, Odyssey
- Charles II
- England, popular ruler, reopened theaters and taverns, restored official church of England, but tolerated protestants, believed in Absolute monarchy
- Monotheism
- the belief in one god
- Machiavelli
- Prince of Florence, observed other foreign courts, learned about Ancient Rome, inspired by the devil, successful prince
- Raphael
- Christian and Classical style, portrayal of Madonna, School of Athens
- Philip II
- expanded Spanish influence, strengthened Catholic church, made his power absolute, enemies with Queen Elizabeth
- Castiglone
- wrote the Book of Courtier
- Polytheistic
- people who believe in many gods
- city state
- political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages
- Michelangelo
- sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, poet, decorated Sistine Chapel creation of Adam
- Location
- where a place is on the surface of the earth, relative to others?
- Absolutism
- the process of a government going from feudalism to one ruler
- Plato
- wrote book THE REPUBLIC, a dream utopia, showed his views but lacked specifics
- PPP
- power, protein,purse animal domestication
- Henry IV
- Paris is well worth a mass, gave him more stability, he didnt really care about religion
- Philosophes
- thinkers, a group that applied he methods of science to better understand and improve
- Newton
- gravity and mathematics, formed theory as to why the earth moves as it does
- longitude
- distance east or west of prime meridian
- Place
- landforms, bodies of water, climate, soil quality, resources, plant and animal life
- Erasmus
- Dutch priest and humanist, created new edition of the New Testaments, called for bible to be translated into vernacular common language, critzed and disageed with the church
- Region
- some regions based on physical characteristics, location or defined by political, economic or cultural features
- Charles I
- England imprisoned people w/o trial, wanted money from nation, executed by Parliament
- Aristotle
- thought there should be 1 ruler
- Atlantic Exchange
- Europe brought to America wheat, grapes, banana, sugar cane, cattle, pigs, goats, chickens, horses, and diseases. Americas brought back to Europe people, disease, plants, animals, potatoes, pumpkins, peppers, corn, and tomatoes.
- Fronde
- nobles, merchants, peasants, and the urban poor rebelled, on occasion drove the boy king from his castle
- John Locke
- believed in natural rights, best kind of government was limited power and accepted by all citizens
- Minoan Era
- 2000- 1400 B.C, the early ones, success based on trade NOT conquest
- Absolute Monarch
- a ruler with complete authority over the government and the people
- Shakespeare
- towering fiigure of literature because he wrote plays of all different kinds, developed new words, wrote over 37 plays
- indulgence
- a way to supposedly buy your way into heaven, atoned for the sins they commited in life
- Neolithic/ New Stone Age
- nomads learned to farm, domesticate animals
- Socrates
- an athenian philosopher, comdemned to death because people thought he was corrupting the cities youth and failing to respect the gods
- Colbert
- finance manager to Louis XIV followed mercantilism policies, had new land cleared for farming etc. helped make france richest state in Europe
- Hazing
- conduct of initiation into any student organization or team which endangers a student's health
- Heliocentric
- sun centered, Nicolaus Copernicus thought that the universe was this and Tycho Brache proved it
- 8 basic features of civilization
- cities, well organized central government, complex religions, job specialization, social classes, arts and architecture, public works, and writing
- Humanism
- if you educate people, they will be better people. Learned about wordly subjects, stimulate creative powers, grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history
- Habeas corpus
- no person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
- Civilization
- complex, highly organized social order
- Mercantilism
- a new economic policy aimed at strengthning their national economics, more exported goods then imported, overseas empires important
- Anthropology
- study of the origins and the development of people and their socities
- Leonardo Da Vinci
- introduced realism and freshness to the Ren. MonaLisa involved in music, archtecture, anatomy and enginering as well
- latitude
- distance north or south of the equator