USMLE-diseases and findings
Named diseases and clinical findings for 1st and 2nd year med students
Terms
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- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2 to infection or sulfa drugs)
- Strawberry gallbladder
- Cholesterolosis
- IgM against IgG
- Rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid factor)
- Boutonniere's Deformity
- rheumatoid arthritis
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Maternal rubella and prematurity
- Stein-Leventhal
- polycystic ovary
- Lacunar infarct
- Chronic hypertension
- Fatty Liver
- Alcoholism
- Mid-systolic click
- Mitral prolapse
- Addisonian Anemia
- pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells IF Vit B12 megaloblastic anemia)
- Port-Wine Stain
- Hemangioma
- Burkitt's Lymphoma
- small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV, 8:14 translocation
- Sugar icing on spleen
- Portal hypertension
- Hydrosalpinx
- Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)
- Lemon sign
- Ultrasonographic finding in Neural Tube Defects
- Red hyalin globules
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (in liver)
- Hemarthrosis
- Coagulation factor deficiency
- Lemon yellow skin color
- Pernicious anemia
- Strawberry tongue
- Scarlet fever, Kawasaki's
- Crypt abscesses
- Ulcerative colitis
- Schwartzman Reaction
- Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
- Shaver's Disease
- aluminum inhalation lung fibrosis
- Onion skin kidney arterioles
- Malignant nephrosclerosis (malignant hypertension)
- Diaphragmatic pleural plaques
- Asbestosis
- Cotton Wool Spots
- HTN
- Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
- diabetic nephropathy
- Takayasu's arteritis
- aortic arch syndrome, loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses
- Eccentric intimal fibrosis with medial hypertrophy
- Chronic transplant rejection
- Munchausen Syndrome
- factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn't know why)
- Heterophil Antibodies
- infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
- Palpable purpura
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein, serum sickness)
- Berger's Disease
- IgA nephropathy
- Leukocyte alk. Phos. Positive
- leukemoid rxn.
- Conn's Syndrome
- primary aldosteronism
- Low set ears
- Downs, DiGeorge, Trisomy 18 (Edwards)
- Necrolytic migratory erythema dermatitis
- -cell islet tumor
- Monckeberg's Arteriosclerosis
- calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.), pipestem arteries
- Bartter's Syndrome
- hyperreninemia
- Lamellar bodies
- Contain surfactant in Type II pneumocytes
- Krabbe Disease
- Beta-galactosidase deficiency
- Bernard-Soulier Disease
- defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)
- Target Cells
- Thalassemia
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Median nerve entrapment
- Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
- Measles
- Concentric laminar intimal fibrosis of small arteries of lung
- Primary pulmonary hypertension
- Nutmeg Liver
- CHF, right heart
- Arnold-Chiari Malformation
- cerebellar tonsil herniation
- Double bubble sign on ultrasound
- Down's syndorme - duodenal atresia
- Ehler's-Danlos
- defective collagen
- Wolff-Chaikoff Effect
- high iodine level (*)'s thyroid hormone synthesis
- Bouchard's Nodes
- osteoarthritis (PIP)
- Blue Sclera
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Rouleaux Formation
- multiple myeloma RBC's stacked as poker chips
- Shagreen patches
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Hat size increase
- Paget's disease of bone
- Machine-like murmur
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Painless Jaundice
- pancreatic CA (head)
- de Quervain's Thyroiditis
- self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
- Angiomyolipoma
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Rugae loss
- Pernicious anemia (atrophic gastritis)
- Pink, foamy lung exudate
- Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- Condyloma Lata
- 2* Syphilis
- Ferruginous Bodies
- asbestosis
- Anti-sacharommyces cervisiae antibody
- Crohn's
- Anti-centromere antibody
- Limited scleroderma (CREST)
- Tamm-Horsfall protein
- Hyaline casts (non-specific)
- Arachnodactyly
- Marfan's
- Struma Ovarii
- Thyroid teratoma of ovary
- Turner's Syndrome
- 45, XO
- Cold Agglutinins
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae; infectious mononucleosis
- Autosplenectomy
- sickle cell anemia
- Brown Tumor
- hyperparathyroidism
- Lacunar cells
- Variant of Reed-Sternberg cell seen in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's Disease
- Reid Index Increased
- chronic bronchitis
- Analgesic abuse
- Papillary necrosis, esp. in diabetics
- Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
- congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
- Howell Jolley Bodies
- Splenectomy, remnant of nuclear DNA
- Bilateral renal cell carcinoma
- Von Hippel-Lindau
- Aneurysmal nodules
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Bloody nipple discharge
- Intraductal papilloma
- Thymus, parathyroid agenesis
- Digeorge (3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch)
- Soldiers plaque
- Clinically insignificant remnant of healed pericarditis
- Flea-bitten Kidney
- Malignant Hypertension
- Kaposi Sarcoma
- malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
- Pompe's Disease
- glycogen storage disease (acid maltase deficiency) * cardiomegaly
- Clue Cells
- Gardnerella vaginitis, trichomonas?
- Immunoglobulins
- X-linked Brutons agammaglobulinemia, and common variable immunodeficiency
- Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Keratin Pearls
- SCCA
- Edwards' Syndrome
- trisomy 18, rocker-bottom feet, low ears, heart disease
- Chagas' Disease
- Trypansoma infection sleeping disease, cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, megaesophagus, megacolon
- Pott's Disease
- tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
- Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- autoimmune hypothyroidism (antimicrosomal or antithyroglobulin); Hurthle cells, thyroid germinal centers,
- VMA and metenephrins in urine
- Pheochromocytoma
- Typhoid Fever
- Bradycardia and in white people rose spots on abdomen
- Tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor def.
- PKU
- Kaussmaul Breathing
- acidosis
- Punched-out esophageal lesions
- herpes
- Malignant pustule
- Anthrax (black skin lesion)
- Eisenmenger's Complex
- late cyanotic shunt (RL) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2 to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- ÊVSD, Ëoverriding aorta, Ìpulmonary artery stenosis, Íright ventricular hypertrophy
- Shy-Drager
- parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
- Syncitia
- RSV, measles
- Virchow's Node
- supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
- Melanosis coli
- Laxative abuse
- Clear nuclei
- Thyroid papillary carcinoma (Orphan Annie's eyes)
- Neurofibrillary Tangles
- Alzheimer's
- Maple syrup/burnt sugar urine
- Alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency; valine, leucine and isoleucine build up (branched)
- Embolizing endocarditis
- Infectious, marantic (fibrin deposits in hypercoagulable states)
- Tyrosinase deficiency
- Albinism
- Gilbert's Syndrome
- benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
- Rockerbottom feet
- Patau (Trisomy 13), Edward's (Trisomy 18)
- Chediak-Higashi Disease
- Phagocyte Deficiency: neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy
- Pannus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- RBC poikilocytosis
- Beta-thalassemia
- Plummer-Vinson
- esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, SCCA of esophagus
- Waldenstrom's macroglobinemia
- proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells
- Libman-Sacks
- endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets, associated with SLE
- PAS positive macrophages
- Whipple's disease
- Goodpasture's
- autoimmune: ab's to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes; linear immunofluorescence
- Anti-endomysial antibody
- Celiac sprue
- Chancre
- 1* Syphilis, painless firm ulcers
- Mucosal bleeding
- Platelet problem (qualitative or quantitative)
- Lewy Bodies
- Parkinson's (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
- Proliferating bile ducts
- Obstructive jaundice
- Chordae tendinae short and fused
- Rheumatic heart disease
- String Sign on X-ray
- Crohn's bowel wall thickening
- von Recklinghausen's
- neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots & Lisch nodule (iris hamartomas)
- von Willebrand's Disease
- defect in platelet adhesion 2* to deficiency in vWF; increased bleeding time and PTT
- Uric Acid
- Gout, Lesch Nyhan, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
- Tay-Sachs
- gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency * GM2 ganglioside)
- Hemorrhagic Temporal Lobe Lesion
- HSV
- Chronic staph infections
- Chronic granulomatous disease, a deficiency of NADPH oxidase, can't kill catalase positive bugs
- Hashitoxicosis
- initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism
- Meig's Syndrome
- Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
- Rotor Syndrome
- congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated), similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver
- Brushfield Spots
- Down's, on iris
- Ashleaf spots (skin)
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Macronodular cirrhosis
- Wilson's, viral hepatitis, alpha-1-antitrypsin
- Oligoclonal band
- Multiple sclerosis
- Reiter's Syndrome
- urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular
- Becker's Muscular Dystrophy
- similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)
- Rhomboid crystals
- Pseudogout
- Kawasaki Disease
- mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (lips, oral mucosa)
- Simian Crease
- Down's
- Down's Syndrome
- trisomy 21 or translocation
- TGI > TSI
- Hashimoto's
- Berry Aneurysm
- circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed), often associated with ADPKD
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- CML
- Microglial nodules
- HIV
- Gaucher's Disease
- Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia
- Frontal bossing
- Sickle cell anemia
- Chocolate Cysts
- endometriosis
- Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra
- Parkinson's
- Spitz Nevus
- juvenile melanoma (always benign)
- Antiplatelet Antibodies
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Hyaline thrombi
- TTP
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- hypersensivity vasculitis
- Spike & Dome Glomeruli
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- Addison's Disease
- primary adrenocortical deficiency
- Wrinkled glomerular basement membrane
- ischemia
- Simmond's Disease
- pituitary cachexia
- Nelson's Syndrome
- 1* Adrenal Cushings * surgical removal of adrenals * loss of negative feedback to pituitary * Pituitary Adenoma
- Charcot Triad
- multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)
- Porcelain gallbladder
- Chronic cholecystitis (scarring)
- Teardrop RBCs
- myelofibrosis
- Scalloped colloid
- Grave's disease
- Joint Mice
- osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)
- Sjogren's Syndrome
- triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell lymphoma
- Ectopia Lentis
- Marfan's
- Riedel's Thyroiditis
- idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid
- Erythema Chronicum Migrans
- Lyme Disease
- Plexiform lesions
- Pulmonary HTN (aneurysmal expansion of vessel wall)
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob
- prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
- Crohn's
- IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas, (contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon cancer risk)
- Brown-Sequard
- hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)
- dopamine receptors
- Schizophrenia
- Night pain relieved by aspirin
- Osteoid osteoma
- Cystathioine synthase deficieny
- homocystinuria
- Guillain-Barre
- idiopathic polyneuritis (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
- Fanconi's Syndrome
- impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2* to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)
- galactosemia
- Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency or galactokinase deficiency
- Pink Puffer
- Emphysema Centroacinar - smoking Panacinar - 1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Bilateral breast cancer
- Lobular carcinoma
- Auer Rods
- acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
- Strawberry cervix
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Pick Bodies
- Pick's Disease
- Rash on Palms & Soles
- 2 Syphilis
- Kernig's sign
- meningitis
- Brudzinski sign
- meningitis
- Budd-Chiari
- post-hepatic venous thrombosis
- Wegener's Granulomatosis
- necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.
- Trousseau's Sign
- visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) (These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.)
- Boot-Shaped Heart
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Pseudohypertrophy
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Non-pitting Edema
- Myxedema, Anthrax Toxin
- Atypical lymphocytes
- EBV
- Buerger's Disease
- acute inflammation of small, medium arteries * painful ischemia * gangrene
- Bladder trabeculation
- BPH
- HLA B27
- Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, IBD, Reiter's syndrome
- McArdle's Disease
- glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
- Cushing's
- Disease: hypercorticism 2* to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma), Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1* adrenal or ectopic)
- dopamine receptors
- Parkinson's
- Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
- Polycystic Kidney Disease, juvenile autosomal recessive form
- FEV1/FVC
- COPD
- Peutz-Jegher's Syndrome
- melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia plus hamartomatous polyps of small intestine
- Soap Bubble on X-Ray
- giant cell tumor of bone
- Wernicke's Aphasia
- Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension
- Bell's Palsy
- CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
- Heart Failure Cells
- CHF; hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs
- Punched-Out Bone Lesions
- multiple myeloma
- Curling's Ulcer
- acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
- Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency
- PKU
- Central Nuclei in Muscle
- Muscular dystrophies
- Monoclonal Antibody Spike
- multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
- Neuritic Plaques
- Alzheimer's
- Palatal Petechaie
- Strep pharyngitis
- Peyronie's Disease
- subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
- immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)
- Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat
- carcinoma in situ on glans penis
- Bruton's Disease
- X-linked agammaglobinemia
- von Recklinghausen's Disease of Bone
- osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") 2* to hyperparathyroidism
- Porcelain gallstones
- Associated with gallbladder adenocarcinoma
- Job's Syndrome
- immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli
- Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
- Tourette's Syndrome
- involuntary actions, both motor and vocal
- 11-hydroxylase deficiency
- virilism, no cortisol, salt retention, hypertension
- Letterer-Siwe
- acute disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis
- FAT RN
- TTP (fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, neuro problems)
- Parkinson's
- dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts; Cogwheel rigidity
- Duret Hemorrhages
- Uncal herniation
- Pancoast Tumor
- bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement * Horner's Syndrome
- Anti-jo antibody
- polymyositis
- Eburnation
- osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
- Tram-Track Glomeruli
- membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
- Rectangular RBC's
- Hemoglobin SC
- Lesch-Nyhan
- HGPRT deficiency, gout, retardation, self-mutilation
- Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
- congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated), striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
- Albright's Syndrome
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls
- Weil's Disease
- leptospirosis
- Tingible Bodies
- Macrophage in lymph node germinal centers
- Micronodular cirrhosis
- Wilsons, alcoholic, hemochromatosis, primary biliary cirrhosis
- Swiss cheese brain
- Clostridia (gas forming)
- Pulmonary atherosclerosis
- Cor pulmonale
- Anti-smooth muscle antibody
- Autoimmune hepatitis type I
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- hyperemia, edema and necrosis of globus
- Micrognathia
- DiGeorge
- Cold thyroid nodules
- Colloid cyst or thyroid adenoma
- Councilman Bodies
- dying hepatocytes
- Alzheimer's
- progressive dementia; tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangles, apolipoprotein E4 allele, narrow gyri and wide sulci (atrophy), occipital sparing, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, plaques in hippocampus and cortex, Acetylcholine, Hiramo bodies (inrtacellular inclusion bodies in hippocampal cells)
- Mesothelioma
- Asbestos exposure
- Splinter hemorrhages
- Infective endocarditis
- Laennec's Cirrhosis
- alcoholic cirrhosis
- Birbeck Granules
- histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
- Paget's Disease
- abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures * pain) , woven and lamellar bone mosaic
- Coin Lesions in Lung
- Pulmonary Hamartoma
- Heberden's Nodes
- Osteoarthritis (DIP)
- Amyloid in thyroid
- Thyroid medullary carcinoma (calcitonin)
- Kartagener's Syndrome
- immotile cilia 2 to defective dynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterility
- Smudge cells
- CLL (delicate cells easily destroyed on peripheral smear)
- Hurler's
- Decreased alpha-L-iduronidase
- Hirschprung's Disease
- aganglionic megacolon
- Sulfer granules
- Collection of actinomyces or nocardia organisms in chronic abscessing bronchopneumonia
- Anasarca
- Minimal change disease
- Hirano Bodies
- alzheimer's
- Anterior vermian atrophy
- alcoholism
- Gold Pneumonia
- Lipid pneumonia, exogenous (aspiration) or endogenous (obstruction
- Aschoff Bodies
- rheumatic fever
- Lines of Zahn
- arterial thrombus
- TIBC increase
- Anemia of chronic disease
- AFP in amniotic fluid or mother's serum
- Spina Bifida; Anencephaly
- Anti-Smith antibodies
- Specific for SLE, anti-ribonulceoprotein
- Donovan Bodies
- granuloma inguinale (STD)
- Reinke Crystals
- Leydig cell tumor
- Tophi
- gout
- Podagra
- gout (MP joint of hallux)
- Mallory Bodies
- Alcoholic liver disease: intermediate filaments of hepatocyte cytoskeleton
- Psammoma Bodies
- Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid, Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, Meningioma, Mesothelioma
- Ghon Complex
- Tuberculosis, primary
- Barrett's
- columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)
- Pick's Disease
- progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer's, knife-edged gyri
- Wire Loop Glomeruli
- lupus nephropathy, type IV
- von Gierke's Disease
- glycogen storage disease (G6Pase deficiency)
- Tendinous Xanthomas
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- Crushed ping pong balls
- Pneumocystis carinii
- Bronze Diabetes
- Hemochromatosis
- Lisch Nodules
- neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen's disease)
- Sheehan's Syndrome
- postpartum pituitary necrosis
- Notching of Ribs
- Coarctation of Aorta
- Zollinger-Ellison
- gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) * * acid * intractable ulcers
- Lou Gehrig's
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
- S3 Heart Sound
- L ->R Shunt (VSD, PDA); Mitral Regurg; LV Failure
- Charcot-Leyden Crystals
- bronchial asthma
- Contraction Band Necrosis
- MI
- Temporal lobe encephalitis
- Herpes
- Sipple's Syndrome
- MEN type IIa (pheochromocytoma, thyroid medulla, parathyroid)
- Hand-Schuller-Christian
- chronic progressive histiocytosis
- Blueberry muffin baby
- Rubella????
- Hunter's
- Decreased iduronosulfate sulfatase
- Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
- Malakoplakia, an abnormal tissue response to kidney infection
- Thymidine dimers
- Xeroderma pigmentosum
- Croup
- Parainfluenza
- Wermer's Syndrome
- MEN type I (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary)
- Marfan's
- elastin defect, floppy mitral valve, arachnodactyly, cystic medial necrosis, subluxed lens
- Caisson Disease
- gas emboli
- Mallory-Weis Syndrome
- bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2* to wretching (alcoholics)
- Curschmann's Spirals
- bronchial asthma
- Gower's Maneuver
- Duchenne's MD use of arms to stand
- Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia
- defective glycoproteins on platelets
- Non-embolizing endocarditis
- Rheumatic, Libman-Sacks (with SLE)
- Wallenberg's Syndrome
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis "Medullary Syndrome", Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp
- von Hippel-Lindau
- hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma), adenomas of the viscera, especially renal cell carcinoma
- Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
- Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2 to rapid lysis
- Ochronosis (dark pigment of fibrous tissue)
- Alkaptonuria -homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency
- GIST
- Tumor arising in cells of Cajal (pacemakers of gut)
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- adenovirus
- Cori's Disease
- glycogen storage disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
- Broca's Aphasia
- Motor Aphasia intact comprehension
- Pancarditis
- Rheumatic fever
- Bowen's Disease
- carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca)
- Whipple's Disease
- malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis
- Spider telangiectasia
- Hyperestrinism: liver failure, pregnancy
- Sezary Syndrome
- leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
- Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
- cerebral lesion
- Tree bark aorta
- Syphilis
- Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign
- tearing of the ACL
- Amnion nodosum
- Renal agenesis
- Vincent's Infection
- "trench mouth" - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Mees lines
- Arsenic (parallel lines on fingernails)
- Turcot's Syndrome
- adenomatous polyps of colon plus CNS tumors
- Exopthalmos
- hyperthyroid
- Cholesterol clefts
- atherosclerosis
- Dew drop on rose petal
- Chicken pox
- glucose, protein in CSF
- Bacterial meningitis
- Raynaud's
- Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities, Phenomenon: 2* to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
- Garlic odor on breath
- Arsenic (or lasagna)
- Thyroidization of Kidney
- chronic pyelonephritis
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- S. aureus, strep. pneumo, Hemophilus aegyptius
- Leukocoria
- Retinoblastoma
- Alport's Syndrome
- hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness, Type 4 collagen defect (basement membranes)
- Honeycomb lung
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Smith Antigen
- SLE (also anti-dsDNA)
- Argyll-Robertson Pupil
- loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral), "Prostitute's Eye" - accommodates but does not react, Pathognomonic for 3Syphilis
- Periventricular Calcifications
- Congenital CMV (brain ventricles, that is)
- Human placental lactogen increase
- Placental site trophoblastic tumor
- Hamman-Rich Syndrome
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Gardner's Syndrome
- adenomatous polyps of colon plus osteomas & soft tissue tumors
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- deficiency of dystrophin protein * MD X-linked recessive
- Briquet's Syndrome
- somatization disorder
- White matter petechiae
- Fat emboli
- Zenker's Diverticulum
- esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES
- Adhesive arachnoiditis
- Caused by bacterial meningitis, leads to obstructive hydrocephalus
- Meningioma
- Arachnoid cap cells, whorls of cells
- Reye's Syndrome
- microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy, 2* to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness
- Negri Bodies and hydrophobia
- rabies
- Periductal edema
- Gynecomastia
- Excavation of Optic Cup
- Glaucoma
- Codman's Triangle
- osteosarcoma
- Ewing Sarcoma
- undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone
- Koplik Spots
- measles
- Waterhammer pulse
- Aortic regurgitation
- Call-Exner Bodies
- granulosa cell tumor
- Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy
- Chagas' Disease
- Microsatellite instability
- HNPCC (right-sided colon cancer), but also possible in other cancers
- Meconium ileus
- Cystic Fibrosis
- AFP increase
- Neural tube defects, hepatocellular carcinoma, yolk sac and embryonal carcinoma
- Rim pattern
- SLE, staining pattern with anti-double stranded DNA antibodies
- Koilocytes
- HPV
- Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs
- iron-deficiency anemia
- Osteoid production
- osteosarcoma
- Piecemeal Necrosis
- Chronic active hepatitis (periportal hepatocytes)
- Anosmia
- Kallman's syndrome
- Cushing's Ulcer
- acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
- Index finger overlapping 3rd and 4th
- Edward's (Trisomy 18)
- Niemann-Pick
- Lysosomal Storage Disease sphingomyelinase deficiency,"foamy histiocytes"
- Grave's Disease
- autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI)
- Fish-mouthed mitral valve
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Currant-Jelly Sputum
- Klebsiella
- D-dimers
- DIC
- Basophilic Stippling of RBCs
- lead poisoning
- Chvostek's Sign
- Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany
- Felty's Syndrome
- rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly
- Mousy / musty odor
- PKU
- Heinz Bodies
- G6PDH Deficiency
- DiGeorge's Syndrome
- thymic hypoplasia * T-cell deficiency
- Horner's Syndrome
- ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2* to a Pancoast tumor)
- Hemorrhagic Urticaria
- Henoch-Schonlein
- Keyser-Fleischer Ring
- Wilson's
- Chancroid
- Haemophilus ducreyi, painful soft ulcers
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- 21-hydroxylase deficiency: virilism, no cortisol, salt loss, hypotension
- Winged scapula
- Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7) damage, common with radical mastectomy
- Jacksonian Seizures
- epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Type I collagen defect
- Reed-Sternberg Cells
- Hodgkin's Disease
- Pseudopolyps
- Ulcerative colitis
- Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation
- Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
- Still's Disease
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
- Plummer's Syndrome
- hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer's = Grave's - eye signs)
- Red Morning Urine
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- WBC Casts
- pyelonephritis
- Potter's Complex
- renal agenesis * oligohydramnios * hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities
- Hypersegmented PMNs
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Huntington's
- progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen & frontal cortex; AD
- Waterhouse-Friderichsen
- catastrophic adrenal insufficiency 2* to hemorrhagic necrosis (eg, DIC), often 2* to meningiococcemia
- Kluver-Bucy
- bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)
- Anti-mitochondrial antibody
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Fungus ball in lung
- Apergillus
- Dressler's Syndrome
- Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
- H shaped vertebrae
- Sickle cell anemia
- Mental probs. with heart defect
- Mitral prolapse
- Rose thorns
- Sporotrichosis
- Langhans giant cells
- Tuberculosis, other including coccidioides
- TSI > TGI
- Grave's
- Klinefelter's Syndrome
- 47, XXY
- AFP decrease
- Down's
- Babinski
- UMN lesion
- Pautrier's Microabscesses
- mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
- McBurney's Sign
- appendicitis (McBurney's Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)
- Krukenberg Tumor
- adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries
- Gray discoloration of skin
- Argyria (silver poisoning)
- Hereditary Spherocytosis
- RBC cytoskeletin defect, most commonly spectrin
- Bronchiolitis
- RSV
- Loss of grey-white junction
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Cherry-red spot on macula
- Tay-Sachs, 50% of Niemann-Pick
- Wilson's Disease
- hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
- Menetrier's Disease
- giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
- Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibody
- Diffuse scleroderma
- S4 Heart Sound
- Pulmonary Stenosis, Pulmonary HTN
- Crescents In Bowman's Capsule
- rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
- False positive VDRL
- SLE, Treponema pertenue (non-STD tropical infection)
- Weber's Syndrome
- Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain, Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)
- Bence Jones Protein
- multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda) Waldenstrom's macroglobinemia
- Erb-Duchenne Palsy
- trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter's Tip
- Meckel's Diverticulum
- rule of 2's: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population, embryonic duct origin; may contain ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, etc.)
- Tethered cord
- Arnold-Chiari malformation (tonsilar herniation)
- Fecalith
- Acute appendicitis
- Myxedema
- hypothyroidism
- Blue Bloater
- Chronic Bronchitis