Dreher Biology Final Exam
Terms
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- protozoa
- animal like protist; is a heterotroph
- secondary succession
- change following a disturbance that damges a community
- S curve
- shows trends
- primary succession
- a community arises in a virtually lifeless area
- contractile vacuole
- controls amount of water within cell
- herbivore
- a consumer that only eats producers
- thigmotropism
- change in plant growth due to growth
- predator-prey
- an interaction in which one organism eats another
- alcoholic fermentation
- releases Carbon Dioxide
- mutualism
- type of symbiotic relationship which both organisms involved benefit
- behavioral isolation
- two different species may have different mating behaviors
- descent with modification
- in different habitats species get different modifications
- prokaryote
- cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
- producer
- organism that makes its own food
- anaweobic fermenation
- fermentation in yeast produce alcohol as a waste product
- sporangia
- spore forming structure at tips of hyphae
- photic zone
- regions of a body of water where light penetrates enabling photosynthesis
- amount of ATP produced in both cellular respiration and lactic acid and alcohol fermentation
- 38 in cellular respiration and 20 in lactic acid and alcohol respiration
- vestigial structures
- remanent of a function of an ancestor species; but not modern species
- photosynthesis
- process by which plants ise the suns energy to convert water and carbon dioxide to sugar
- chemical energy
- potiential to perform work due to arrangement of atoms within molecules
- food vacuole
- digests food
- parasitism
- parasitic organism obtains its food from its host organism
- polar zone
- coldest temperature zone
- coniferous forest
- characerized by cone bearing evergreen trees
- solar energy
- sun
- pesticide resistance in insects
- insect population becomes more resistant
- carnivore
- a consumer that eats other consumers
- spores
- haploid single cells with thick cell walls
- temperate zone
- latutudes between the tropics and the polar zones
- desert
- areas recieving less than 30cm
- lysogenic cycle
- virus injects genes into host
- slime molds
- decomposers that live on organic matter
- moss
- seedless vascular plant
- angiosperms
- flowering plant
- fruit
- ripened ovary of a flower
- adaptation
- inherited characterisics that impoves an organism ability
- food web
- pattern of feeding in an ecosystem
- J curve
- shows exponential growth
- clade
- common characterisic among species
- homologous structures
- similar structure found in more than one species that share common ancestors
- grassland
- deep rich soil that supports a variety of grass species and plants
- Charles Darwin
- naturalist who studied in the Galapagoes
- carbon dioxide
- raw ingredient in photosynthesis
- detritus
- the waste and remains of dead organism
- autotrophs
- organisms that make their own food
- exponential growth
- growth of a population that multiply by a constant factor
- prey adaptation
- camoflauge. mimicry
- population
- group of individuals of a species in a particular area at the same time
- anaerobic
- without oxygen
- adaptive radiation
- evolution from a common ancestor adapterd to diverse enviroment
- gram stain
- purple-postive; pink-negative
- gene pool
- consists of all the alleles in all the individuals in a population
- eukaryote
- cell with a nucleus and other internal organelles
- pigments
- chemical compounds
- antibiotics
- chemicals that slow or prevent the growth of microorganisms
- lactic acid fermentation
- make ATP without oxygen
- chlorophyll
- pigment that gives a chloroplast its greewn color
- kingdoms
- group of organisms
- ovary
- protective organ inside a flower that bears seeds
- limiting factor
- condition that restricts a population's growth
- binomial nomenclature
- 2 part name
- evolution
- all changes that transformed life over an immense period of time
- pyramid of numbers
- deplicts the number of individuals in each trophic level
- protists
- eukayotes that aren't plants, animals, or fungi
- development of embryos
- grow inside mother's uterus
- reproductive structure of fungus
- spores
- fossils
- perserved remains or markings left by organisms that lived in the past
- biomass
- deplicts the actual biomass in each trophic level
- meristem
- structure that generates new dermal. vascular tissue
- vaccines
- deactivated variety of pathogen that stimulate the immune system to defend diseases
- phototropism
- plants growth part toward or away from light
- glucose
- sugar is used in the process of photosynthesis
- horomones
- chemical messengers in plants
- domains
- area or kingdom of a species
- viral dieases
- HIV, chicken pox,
- heterotrophs
- organisms that obtains food by eating other organisms
- non vascular
- no tubes in plant
- trophic level
- any class of organisms that occupy the same position on the food chain
- genetic drift
- a gene pool of a population due to change
- mycelia
- interwoven mat of hyphae
- lichen
- mutualistic relationship
- ecological succession
- series of changes in the species in a community
- bryophyte
- non vascular plant; lack lignin hardened walls
- aphotic zone
- deep areas of a body of water where light levels are too low to support photosynthesis
- tundra
- bitter cold temperatures and high winds
- oxygen
- used by animals in both cellular respiration
- tropics
- warmest temperature zone
- hyphae
- tiny threads of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane
- deciduous forest
- dense stands of trees that drop their leaves each year
- fern
- diverse and widespread
- food pyramid
- the way the producer eats the consumer
- producers
- organisms that make their own food
- carrying capacity
- number of organisms in a population an enviroment can maintain
- artificial selection
- selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring
- decomposer
- organism that breaks down dead organic matter
- flagella
- long, thin, whip like structures
- introduced species
- organisms that moved from the species' native location
- commensalism
- symbiotic relationship in which one benefits; while the others aren't hurt or harmed
- beneficial use of prokaryotes
- breaks down dead material
- lytic cycle
- pahe attaches to host cell and injects its DNA
- cilia
- short structures conatining microtubules
- gymnosperms
- plant that bears seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary
- exponential growth
- growth of a popilation that multiplies at a constant interval
- convergent evolution
- process in which unrelated species from similar enviroments that have similar adaptations that seem similar
- cellular respiration
- chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy to ATP
- biodiversity
- variety of life on Earth
- ATP
- main energy source that cells use for most of their work
- virus parts
- protein wrapped and DNA/RNA
- population density
- number of people of a particular species per square area or volume
- water cycle
- 3 major processes move water between land, water and the atmosphere
- energy pyramid
- deplicts energy loss from one trophic level to the next
- gene frequency
- variations in alleles
- pseudopods
- temperary extension of a cell's cytoplasm
- gibberellins
- stimulates growth of stems
- mycorrhizae
- symbiotic relationship between fungal hyphae and plant roots
- seed
- plant embryo packaged along with a food supply within a protective coat
- budding
- reporduction; genetically identical to parent
- absorptive nutrition
- absorbing small organic molecules from its surroundings
- locomotion
- constant movement
- phloem
- vascular tissue that transports food from a plants leaves to its roots and shoots
- potential energy
- energy stored due to an object's position or arrangement
- xylem
- vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots and shoots
- ADP
- main energy source in RNA
- fermentation
- lack of oxygen while making ATP
- ecological succession
- process of community change
- species
- distinct form of life
- Galapagos Islands
- islands off Ecuador
- consumers
- consumer that ovatin their food by eating producers
- algae
- plant like protist; makes own food by photosynthesis
- aerobic
- with oxygen
- tropical rain forest
- occur near the equator, are warm year around, recieves 350cm of rain each year
- geographic isolation
- seperation of ppulations seperated by geographic change
- natural selection
- the process by individualss with inherited characterisitics leave more offspring
- reproductive isolation
- condition in which reproductive barrier keep 2 species from breeding
- punctuated equilibrium
- model that suggest species change in spurs of change
- nitrogen cycle
- process by which some bacteria convert Nitrogen to Ammonia
- consumer
- organism that eat the producers
- vascular
- tube shaped throughout the plant
- decomposers
- consumers that feed on dead organisms
- virus
- package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat
- Carolus Linnaeus
- developed classification system of organisms
- hydrotropism
- plants reaction to water
- food chain
- pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another
- carbon-oxygen cycle
- producers use Carbon Dioxide in the air or water and relase oxygen during photosynthesis
- levels of classification
- kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
- visible spectrum
- the ranges of electromagnetic energy
- classification of bacteria
- bacillus, cocci, spirochetes
- survival of the fittest
- used to describe natural selection
- kinetic energy
- energy of motion