science ch13
Terms
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- germination
- figure 4. seeds grow into new plants. roots begin to grow first. then, the shoot grows up through the soil
- long-day plants
- are plants that flower in the spring or early summer
- gravitropism
- plant growth also changes in response to the direction of gravity.
- Grana
- it contains a green pigment called chlorophyll
- phototropism
- a change in the direction a plant grows that is caused by light
- dormant
- describes the inactive state of a seed or other plant part when conditions are unfavorble to growth.
- short-day plants
- are plants that flower in the winter.
- chlorophyll
- a green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis
- pollination and fertilization
- 1. pollen grains land on the stigma and begin to grow pollen tubes. 2. sperm travel down pollen tubes and fertilize the eggs.
- tubers
- underground stems, or tubers, can produce new plants after a dormant season.
- runners
- above-ground stems from which new plants can grow.
- stoma
- one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange occur.
- cellular respiration
- the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
- transpiration
- the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata
- chloroplasts
- are surrounded by two membranes
- evergreen trees
- are trees that shed year round
- guard cells
- it acts as double doors, opening and closing the stoma.
- germination
- is when the seeds grow into new plants, and the roots begin to grow first, and then the shoots grow up through the soil.
- seed production
- a. a mature plant produces a flower. pollination and fertilization take place. b. each ovule within the flower's ovary contains a fertilized egg. c. petals and stamens fall away. d. the ovary becomes the fruit, and each ovule becomes a seed. eventually the fruit ripens, and the seeds are dispersed. e. each seed contains a tiny plant. if a seed sprouts, or begins to grow, it will become a new plant.
- tropism
- the growth of all or part of an organism is response to an external stimulus, such as light.
- photosynthesis
- the process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
- plantlets
- tiny plants grow along the edges of a plants leaves. these plantlets fall off and grow on their own.