biology
Terms
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- lichens
- symbiotic association between fungi and algae
- pollen
- much-reduced male gameophyte
- cuticle
- a waxy layer that coats the leaf
- diatoms
- have glassy cell walls containing silica, the material used to make glass
- bacilli
- rod-shaped prokaryotes
- bioremediation
- the use of organisms to remove pollutants from water or soil
- hierarchical classification
- domain,kingdom, phylum,class, order, family, genus and species
- flagellates
- protozoans that move by means of one or more flagella
- apicomplexans
- parasitic and some cause serious human deseases, names for their tip that is designed for penetrating host cells and tissues
- roots
- plant structure that anchors the plant into the soil absorbs and transports minerals and water and stores food
- protists
- are eukaryotic, and thus even the simplest are much more complex than the prokaryotes
- clade
- concists of ancestral species and all its descendants , a distinct branch in the tree of life
- spirochetes
- spiral shaped prokaryotes
- phylogeny
- the evolutionary history of a species
- symbiosis
- "living together is a close association between organisms of two or more species
- ovary
- protective chamber containing one or more ovules, in which the egg developes
- bryophytes
- a type of plant that lacks xylem and phloem, a nonvascular plant. these plants are mosses and their close relatives
- binomial
- linnaus's system assigns species with a two latanized name
- paedomorphosis
- retention into adulthood of features that were solely juvenile in its ancestors
- exaptation
- structure that evolves in one context and later becomes adapted for other functions
- exotoxins
- poisonous proteins secreted by bacterial cells
- stigma
- sticky tip that traps pollen
- lignin
- a chemical that hardens the cell wall
- xylem
- piece of the vascular tube consisting of dead cells that is specialized for transportation of water and minerals from roots to leaves
- shoots
- the stem and leaves of a plant
- anther
- a sac which developes and bears pollen grain
- endosymbiosis
- refers to one species living inside another host species
- amoebas
- characterized by great flexablility and the absence of permanent locomotor organelles
- algae
- photosynthetic protists
- pathogens
- bacteria and other organisms that cause desease
- CHEMOHETEROTROPH
- humans, animals,
- sepals
- located at the bottom of the flower usually green, enclose the flower before it opens like the wrapping
- radiometric dating
- based on the decay of radioactive isotopes
- endotoxins
- not cell secretions but are chemical components of the cell walls of certain bacteria
- seed
- consists of a plant embryo packages along with a food supply within a protective coat
- mutualism
- symbiosis that benefits both species
- puncuated equilibrium
- adresses the nongradual appearance of species, species most often diverge in spurts of relatively sudden change instead of slowly and gradually
- hyphae
- minute threats of cytoplasm that act as a fungis skeleton
- analogy
- similarity do to convergence
- plant
- a multicellular eukaryote that makes organic molecules by photosynthesis
- systematics
- study of diversity and the relationships of organisms, both past and present
- fruit
- The ripened ovary or ovaries of a seed-bearing plant, together with accessory parts, containing the seeds and occurring in a wide variety of forms.
- charophyceans
- multicellular green algae, closest to plants, found in shallow water
- photoautotroph
- plants, algae and photosythetic bacteria
- pseudopodia
- temporary extensions of the cell, can assume virtually any shape as they creep over rocks
- symbiosis
- term used to describe ecological relationships between organisms of different species that are in direct physical contact
- endosperm
- The nutritive tissue within seeds of flowering plants, surrounding and absorbed by the embryo.
- seaweeds
- large, multicellular marine algae
- ribozymes
- RNA's that act as enzymes
- phylogenetic tree
- the principle of common descent is reflected in the branches of the tree
- phototrophs
- organisms that harness light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from co2. plants and algae are these
- binary fission
- the process of cells copying their DNA almost continuously and divide again and again
- ovules
- seeds develope from these
- petals
- the showiest part of a flower, designed to attract insects
- chemoautotrophs
- must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. humans and animals are these
- ciliates
- protozans that use locomotor structures called cilia to move and feed
- parasitism
- is a symbiotic relationship in which one species, the parasite, benefits while harming its host in the process
- cladistics
- the scientific search for clades
- protozans
- live primarily by ingesting food a mode of nutrition that is heterotrophic and animal-like,
- gametangia
- protective structure that protects the plants gametes, it is a moist jacket that protects from dehydration
- stromata
- exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the atmosphere and all the photosynthetic interior of the leaf
- geological time scale
- reflecting a consistent sequence of geological periods
- mycelium
- the densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus
- endospores
- resting cells, resitant to most things and can lie dormant for centuries
- dinoflagellates
- abundant in vast aquatic pastures of phytoplankton
- convergent evolution
- species from diff. evolutionary branches may have certain structures that are superficially similar if natural selection has shaped analagous adaptaions
- phloem
- piece of the vascular tube consisting of living cells that distribute sugars from leaves to the roots and other parts of the plants
- forams
- protozan that also has a shell
- absorption
- fungi use this technique to tale up nutrients
- fungi
- eukaryotes and most are multicellular usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll
- vascular tissue
- a system of tube shaped cells that branch throughout the plant
- mycorrhizae
- root fungus combination, the fungi absorbs water and the root feeds it sacharide
- filament
- the stamens shaft that holds the anther
- double fertilization
- In angiosperms and gnetophytes, the fusion of one sperm cell with an egg, and another sperm cell with the polar nuclei to yield a triploid endosperm
- plankton
- communities of organisms, mostly microscopic that drift drift or swim near the surfaces of water
- stamen
- male reproductive part of a flower
- cocci
- spherical species of prokaryote
- three-domain system
- a system of taxonomic classification based on three basic groups, archae, bacteria, and eukaria
- style
- the shaft coming out of the ovary and holding up the stigma
- genus
- which the species belong
- taxonomy
- the identification,naming and classification of species
- flower
- short stem with four whirls of modified leaves,sepals,petals, stamen and carpels
- carpel
- consist of the stock,style with a sticky tip called the stamen which traps pollen
- green algae
- named for their grass green chloroplasts, flourish in most freshwater ponds and lakes
- alternation of generations
- a life cycle in which there is both a multi cellular diploid form, the sporophyte and a muticellular haploid form, , the gametophyte, a characteristic of plants and multi cellular green algae