Chapter 1
Europe, Africa, and America
Terms
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- Nomads
- never stop moving and are in big groups
- World Colliding
- North America with Europe
- Primogeniture
- family's land was passed on to eldest son
- Francisco Pizarro
- took over Inca Empire
- Timbuktu
- filled with culture and universities
- Bartholomew Dias
- rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488
- Cahokia Mounds
- in St. Louis, Missouri found by Indians filled with piles of dead bodies
- matrilineal
- social identity and property descend through the female line; children raised by their mother's brother, not biological father
- First human
- found in Asia and who followed hunting food to Bering Strait, Alaska in 16,000 BC which was covered with ice; from there they followed food,plants, and animals to Canada
- Hernan Cortez
- 18 yr old in 1521 came for gold and also took slaves; took over Aztec empire by war then 90% died from diseases they brought so population went from 15 mil to 1 mil
- British
- took over Portuguese fort to sell slaves to expand overseas for ecomonic, political, and Christianity reasons
- Templo Mayor
- built in center of city where emporer stayed being the biggest building where brutal sacrifices were done mostly dealing with human blood being the most precious adoration
- North America
- United States, Canada, Mexico
- US Indians
- 9 mil > 500,000 > 5 mil from 1530 to 1650
- European Society
- over-ruled Indians; in 1350, 50% died from the Black Death plague of diseased rates until1700s; 10% were rich and 90% were rural with farmed crops
- Ponce De Leon
- Spaish conquest of 1513
- Reasons to rule places
- royal authority took hold, primogeniture, hierarchy, animists, Roman Catholic, Christian Crusades
- Puritans
- pilgrims who believed that to work is to serve God and enforced literacy to read the Bible
- Farming clan
- developed crops in one spot making them the easiest to conquer for the Europeans
- Christopher Columbus
- came to Africa from the Bahamas(1492) and Dominican Republic area
- Aztec Indians
- settled in Tenochtitian later called Mexico City in 1325 built on water for protection; life span-40 yrs. old
- Renaissance
- great revival of classical learning with artists, writers, and drawers in Italy in 1400 to 1500 in N. Europe
- John Calvin
- believed in predestination of heaven or hell
- Mayans
- built large religious centers and urban communities with 100,000 ppl who dissappeared around 800 AD located in MesoAmerica
- hierarchy
- richer people ruled over peasants
- Indians
- in North, leaders were less established with a population of 30,000 also being declined in 1350 by overpopulation, disease, and warfare; both independent and Matrilineal groups used bow and arrows, ceramic pottery, and burial rituals shockin Europeans
- Portuguese
- came in 1482 for gold & built a fort; first to start slavery
- Hunter-gatherers
- got berries and plants roaming rarelt to camp sites with food not changing until that spots supply was out being the 2nd easiest clan to conquer
- Henry VII
- married 6 times killing them with Catholic religion not believing in divorce; formed Church of England with English not Latin masses
- Columbian Exchange
- New World with horses, cows, pigs, coffee, bananas, small pox and found things they brought back corn, peanits, tomatoes, and syphilis
- clans
- groups of related families with a common identity and a real or legendary common ancestor
- African tribes
- 6/7 were sold into slavery sometimes by each other in punishment; lived close together but had different languages; most were Muslim getting taxbreaks; Christians were taxed and sold into slavery; 5,000 to 45,000 increase kidnapping of slavery each year being sent to forts at the border