ABeka History 11 - Chapter 2 - Bold Words
Terms
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- (23) Magna Carta
- the "Great Charter"; an important document signed by King John in 1215 which helped to prepare England for limited government
- (24) dissenters
- those who opposed the official church; the two largest groups included the Catholics and the Puritans
- (25) inflation
- increased capital in circulation causes the price of goods to go even higher
- (24) Northwest Passage
- a supposed water route through North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific
- (25) Separatists
- group of dissenters who withdrew from the Church of England and formed their own churches
- (25) divine right of kings
- theory that absolute monarchy is the only form of government sanctioned by God; used by English kings to support their claim to absolute authority
- (25) Enclosure Movement
- English landholders began evicting tenant farmers and enclosing their fields with hedges in order to raise sheep
- (26) joint-stock company
- a forerunner of the modern corporation; several businessmen invested in a single company to support a colonizing venture
- (27) common-store system
- each man was required to place the fruit of his labor in a common storehouse, and each was entitled to receive food and supplies from the storehouse according to this needs
- (27) "starving time"
- during the winter of 1609-1610, the hungry settlers of Jamestown were forced to eat dogs, horses, and even rats and mice
- (28) indentured servants
- one whose passage to America was paid by an established colonist and, in return, pledged to work for his benefactor without pay for an agreed-upon period of time
- (28) precedents
- happenings that serve as examples to be followed in the future
- (29) House of Burgesses
- an assembly of delegates from various districts of Virginia which acted as an advisory body to the governor of the colony
- (29) Bacon's Rebellion
- Nathaniel Bacon and other frontiersmen marched on Jamestown and burned it to the ground in defiance of Governor Berkeley
- (30) Council for New England
- name taken by the Plymouth Company when it reorganized in 1620
- (30) congregationalism
- the theory of church government which says that every body of believers should be independent and self-governing
- (30) Adventurers
- a group of English businessmen who financed the Pilgrims' expedition to the New World
- (31) Mayflower
- the ship that carried the Pilgrims to America
- (28) private enterprise
- (capitalism) individuals are free to make a living and prosper on their own enterprise
- (31) "Strangers"
- non-Separatists aboard the Mayflower
- (31) Mayflower Compact
- an important early document which, although it did not actually set up a government, expressed the Pilgrims' willingness to show due submission
- (33) "History of Plymouth Plantation"
- the first American history book
- (33) General Court
- a democratic legislative body established in Plymouth; met periodically to pass laws, carry out provisions of the law, and judge cases and controversies arising under the law
- (35) Massachusetts Bay Colony
- founded by Puritan businessmen in 1630; became a leader among the colonies
- (36) "Great Migration"
- the great migration of Puritans to the New World for religious freedom in 1633
- (37) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- considered the first written Constitution in America; established a representative government and designated powers of government
- (37) Puritan work ethic
- the belief that work is a gift from God and a way to glorify Him
- (39) King Philip's War
- a fierce Indian uprising led by a Wampanoag chief called King Philip in 1675-1676; put down by the New England Confederation
- (40) Dominion of New England
- a forced union of the colonies of New England, New York, and New Jersey; governed by Sir Edmund Andros
- (41) Toleration Act
- act passed in Maryland granting freedom of worship to anyone professing to believe in Jesus Christ
- (41) Grand Model
- attempt to establish a system of feudalism in the Carolinas
- (43) patroon system
- Dutch West India Company would grant large tracts of land along a navigable river to individuals who would bring settlers to colonize it
- (44) Covenanters
- Scottish Protestants who had bound themselves to a series of covenants to remain true to the Presbyterian doctrines
- (44) Quakers
- believed that each man should follow his "inner light," worshiping God from his heart
- (45) "Pennsylvania Dutch"
- German settlers in Pennsylvania; became known as such because of English settlers who were not careful in their pronunciation of the word "Deutsch"
- (39) New England Confederation
- (League of Friendship); first voluntary American union
- (40) proprietary colonies
- formed on land grants from the king to individuals