Physical Science Final Exam
Terms
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- weathering
- a process by which rocks are broken down
- Kg*m/s
- unit for momentum
- inertia
- the tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest or one in motion to continue at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force
- crest
- the highest point in a wave
- meters per second
- unit for velocity
- mass
- the amount of matter that an object contains, which does not change
- acceleration
- a change in speed or direction
- Watt
- unit for power
- terminal velocity
- the velocity of a falling object when air resistance is equal to the force of gravity
- minerals
- naturally occuring, non-living substances with a chemical formula
- work
- the ability to move an object
- potential energy
- =mass*free fall acceleration*height
- trough
- the lowest point in a wave
- black dwarves
- formed after white dwarves "burn out"
- convergent boundary
- a place where two plates move towards each other
- weight
- the amount of gravitational force acting on an object which can fluctuate at different gravitational constants
- machine
- makes work easier, but does not decrease the amount of work needed
- type II supernova
- occurs when a supergiant explodes
- Hot spot
- place in the middle of a plate where plumes rise and cause volcanic activity
- displacement
- how far the object is from the starting point after motion
- velocity
- speed with direction
- Seismograph
- machine used to detect and record earthquakes
- force
- an action exerted on a body in order to change the body's state of rest or motion
- sedimentary
- rocks formed from compressed sediment
- epicenter
- the exact point inside earth where an earthquake begins
- momentum
- = mass * velocity
- reference point
- a stationary object that another object's motion is compared to
- fulcrum
- the pivot point of a lever
- free fall
- the motion of a body when gravity is the only force acting on it
- transform boundary
- a place where two plaes move side by side
- erosion
- a process when rock particles are broken down and carried away
- force
- = mass * acceleration
- quasar
- a quasi-stellar object that releases radio waves and is thought to be an infant galaxy
- mechanical advantage
- ratio between output force to input force that tells how much force is multiplied
- dark matter
- undetectable matter such as planets and black holes
- radioactive elements
- cause Earth's high internal temperature
- distance
- the measure of an actual path an object takes
- power
- the amount of work done in relation to time
- frost wedging
- process that weathers rock when water seeps into cracks and freezes
- medium
- matter through which a wave travels
- metamorphic
- rocks formed from heat and pressure
- potential energy
- energy of position that is stored in an object
- divergent boundary
- a place where two plates move away from each other
- net force
- a single force whose external effects on a rigid body are the same as the effects of several actual forces acting on the body
- Weight
- = mass*free fall acceleration
- simple machine
- lever, inclined plane, wedge, pulley, screw, wheel and axle
- Joule
- unit for work
- focus
- point on Earth's surface above the epicenter
- superposition
- a principle that says upper layers of rock are younger than the lower layers
- igneous
- rocks that cool from magma inside or outside the mantle
- velocity
- = distance/time
- Newton
- unit for force and weight
- momentum
- the product of the mass and velocity of an object
- frequency
- =1/period
- arm
- the part where force is applied that moves around the fulcrum
- intrusive rock
- rock that cools inside earth and forms crystals
- black hole
- formed by collapsed supergiant stars
- acid rain
- formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide combine with clouds
- kinetic energy
- =1/2*mass*speed^2
- projectile motion
- the motion of objects moving in two dimensions under the influence of gravity
- Wegener
- proposed Pangaea and the theory of continental drift
- speed
- the distance an object travels divided by the time it takes
- wavelength
- the distance from a point on a wave to an identical point on the next
- frequency
- the number of wave oscillations that occur in a period of time
- static friction
- friction that occurs when one tries to start an object's motion
- red shift
- a process that occurs when luminous objects move away and spectral lines shift to red
- kinetic energy
- energy that an object has when in motion
- cumulus
- large, fluffy, white clouds
- mechanical advantage
- = output force/input force
- work
- =force*distance
- radioactive dating
- when scientists use the half-lives of radioactive materials to determine the age of rock
- light year
- the distance light travels in one year; 9.5x10^15 meters
- kinetic friction
- friction that occurs when an object is moving
- Subduction Zone
- a place where a dense oceanic plate sinks under a continental plate and into the mantle
- wave speed
- =Frequency*wavelength
- power
- =work/time
- friction
- a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
- balanced force
- occurs when all the forces acting on an object are equal
- waves
- energy disturbances that travel through space
- amplitude
- half the distance from a wave crest to a wave trough
- rocks
- made up of multiple minerals
- extrusive rock
- rock that cools quickly on earth's surface
- compound machine
- a machine made of more than one simple machine