adeline geo
Terms
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- Striation
- Created by glaciers, a groove called a striation was often gouged out in the bedrock under the ice sheet by rocks frozen in the ice, Usually straight, helps geographers determine which way the glacier went
- Drainage
- Process whereby water is removed from an area by flowing out of depressions in the land such as lakes and rivers
- Continental climate
- Far from a large body of water (inland), Large temperature range 25-50°C, No water mass around to even out the temperature, Dry and low precipitation 200-1000mm yearly , Cold winter and hot summer
- Triple continental divide
- A place where water flows into three different oceans through streams, lakes etc, The water splits in three directions, Ex. Mount Snowdome, Mt. Athabasca
- Hurricane
- 74 miles per hour is classified as a hurricane, Column of air lifts and rises very high, earth's spin sends hurricanes into a spin
- Polar Front
- Stormy boundary between cold, dry polar air and warm moist tropical front
- Lee ward
- The side of the mountain range facing away from the prevailing winds, dry and hot
- Continental glacier
- Glacier that spreads out to cover a large portion of a continent, During the last ice age, huge glaciers formed in northern Canada and moved south
- Storm surge
- Monstrous waves of a hurricane can be 10ft - 25 ft
- Climate
- Weather conditions of a place averages over a long period of time
- Crevasse
- Crack between glaciers, strips of glacier strips pulled apart, deep slits
- Condensation
- Process whereby water vapour is cooled and changes from an invisible gas to liquid water, Condenses water vapour forms clouds, Can come in the form of dew or water
- Snowfall equivalent
- The total amount of snow (precipitation that fell when the temperature was below zero) in a year
- Misfit stream
- A small stream flowing in the much larger valley created by a glacial melt, Valley created by large volumes of meltwater
- Spillways
- Deep valley created by huge amounts of water flowing from a melting continental glacier, Ice melted creating paths, which shows were glaciers have been , Today, this valley might be occupied by a small stream, or river called a misfit stream
- Moderating effect
- Effect that large bodies of water have on the climate in close land areas , It makes the areas around water have warmer winters and cooler summers, The result is a small range of annual temperatures
- Front
- Leading edge of an air mass, If the air mass is warm, the leading edge of this air is called a warm front, If the air mass if cold, the leading edge of this air is called a cold front
- Zone of accumulation
- Part of a glacier where the snow builds up and turns into ice, The glacial ice moves outwards from that section on
- Frost
- Freezing condition in which feathery crystals of ice form when water vapour in the air condenses, often on a solid surface
- Tornado
- Warm humid air from the Gulf of Mexico and cool dry air from Canada is pushed high into the sky, Warm air cools as it rises and builds huge thunderclouds , Wind can exceed 300 miles per hour
- Cold front
- Boundary between a warm air mass and an advancing cold air mass, the edge of a cold air mass
- Growing season
- Period in which crops can grow, number of says between spring and autumn when the average daily temperature is above 5.6 °C (temperature at which most crops can grow)
- Mill well
- Waters flows and collects, usually deep in crevasse, Freezing waters, acts as plumbing system of glaciers
- Weather
- Combination of temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, and winds experienced daily
- Windward
- The side of the mountain range that faces the prevailing wind, wet and humid
- Dew
- Invisible water vapour in the air, that condenses on cool surfaced during clear nights when the air is clam, which forms water droplets
- Jet Stream
- (polar front) jet stream west to east movement of air in the mid-latitude flowing at speeds of 300km/h to 500 km/h at an altitude between 8000-15000 m, Encircles the world and changes speed and position within the seasons, Moves south in winter to cool southern areas moves north in the summer to warm northern areas, Warm and cool air mass do not mix easily, form a storm
- Convectional precipitation
- Precipitation cause on hot summer days, when heated land causes the air above it to rise by convection, As the air rises and cools and condensation occurs, rain or hail may fall from the thunderstorm that builds up
- Coriollis effect
- The effect the spin of the earth has that put a spin on columns of lifted air, causes hurricanes (anti-clockwise)
- Cyclonic precipitation
- Precipitation caused when a warm, moist air mass is forced to rise by a cool, dry air mass. , This is also called frontal precipitation
- Till Plain
- Flat to gently hilly area created by deposition under a glacier (till), Clay, sand, gravel deposited by ice sheet, Angular pointed shapes, not rounded, Good for growing crops, deep well-drained soil
- Till
- Eroded material deposited directly by the ice of a glacier; usually a mixture of materials of all sizes , Unsorted; large and small particles all mixed together
- Lake Plains
- Flat fertile clay bottom on an ancient glacial lake (dried out) that is used for agriculture , Melt water flowed into lake, creating small and large lakes , Plains used to be bottom of glacial lakes
- Rain shadow
- Area on the leeward side of the mountains, with very little precipitation
- Mixed climate
- Near a small body of water i.e. lake, Possible near mountains, Large temperature range, Medium precipitation, Mix of continental and maritime climate
- Terminal moraine
- A glacial hill or ridge deposit along the line that marks the end of a glaciers forward movement (then it retreated)
- Erratic
- Rock picked up by ice, carried along and deposited many kilometres away; , Easily identifiable because of different compositions compared to the bedrock of the region it was deposited in
- U-shaped valleys
- Valley formed by alpine glaciers moving down valleys, scraping the valley walls to produce a U-shape
- Ice floe
- A large sheet of free-floating ice, usually flat on its top side
- Alpine glacier
- Glacier occupying one or more valleys in an alpine region, Sliding down a mountain (valley) going DOWN
- Temperature range
- Subtraction of the coldest average monthly temperature from the warmest average monthly temperature
- Warm front
- Boundary between a cold air mass and an advancing warm air mass, The edge of the warm air mass
- Relief Precipitation
- Precipitation created when an air mass rises to cross a mountain barrier, Also called orographic precipitation
- Moraine
- Direct deposit of unsorted material collected and carried by ice
- Ice shelf
- A large sheet or shelf of ice that extends into an ocean. The shelf is attached to a glacier, or to land
- Esker
- Long ridge of material deposited by a melt water stream flowing beneath a glacier, laid material in river bed, Material left steep sided ridge, source of sand and gravel, Follows direction of river it created years ago
- Chinook Winds
- Warms winds from the south that temporarily warm areas such as south of Alberta
- Prevailing Winds
- Winds that are most commonly found in an area, For example, over most of Canada, the prevailing winds are westerlies , Two types are: Westerlies blow from west to east ; easterlies blow from east to west
- Maritime climate
- Strongly influenced by the closeness of an ocean of other large body of water, Small temperature range 20-30°C Mild winters and cooler summers , Wet & high precipitation 1000-2000 mm yearly
- Drumlin
- Evident geologic feature, formed by ice sheets, Egg-shaped hill with a steep side at the wide end, and a gentle slope at the other, Appearance of a hard-boiled egg cut lengthwise and then laid on its flat surface
- Glacial flour
- The powdery substance found in glaciers, contains clay and silt
- Average annual temperature
- The average temperature in an area for a year
- Tornado alley
- The area of Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas that tornado form, Twirls up North America, Tornados OFTEN form in this area
- Lateral moraine
- A mounded glacial deposit at the bottom of the side of a valley. The deposit lies parallel to the sides of the valley.