Science Chapter 18
Terms
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- Hail
- Comes out of severe thunderstorms. They grow with collision with ice crystals and water droplets. They are kept up in the air by updrafts inside of thunderstorms.
- 3-Celled Model
- Each hemisphere has 3 cells of circulation. This creates prevailing winds (trade winds). The general direction the wind blows (easterlies or westerlies). The wind blows from the direction the name says, so easterlies blow from the east, westerlies west.
- Thermosphere
- Top layer, temperature rises to 1000°C.
- Warm Front
- Warm air replaces cold air that is moving away. Steady, light precipitation is seen when they pass.
- Coriolis Force
- Due to the spin of Earth winds deflect to the right in Northern Hemisphere.
- Air Masses
- Huge pools of air that contain the same characteristics.
- Cumulus (Cumulo)
- clouds that form upward. puffy clouds with flat bases
- Sleet
- Forms when water droplets fall through a layer of cold air and freeze.
- Freezing Rain
- Water droplets fall through a thin layer of freezing. Water hits solid surface and freezes instantly.
- Stratosphere
- Very dry, temperature increases with height.
- Changing Air Pressure
- The higher the temperature the lower the pressure and the higher humidity the lower the pressure.
- Cirrus (Cirro-)
- high feathery clouds made of ice
- Types of clouds
- Separated by cloud height. There are low, middle (alto-), high (cirro-), and vertical development clouds
- Troposphere
- The lowest layer of the atmosphere, temperature decreases with height, all weather occurs here.
- Cold Front
- Cold air mass is pushing against warm air causing it to rise rapidly. High winds and thunderstorms are possible with this.
- Stratus (Strato-)
- clouds that form flat layers. usually low forming
- Water Droplets
- Grow within clouds. Larger ones fall faster and catch smaller ones.
- Dew Point
- Temperature at which the air becomes saturated and condensation happens. The higher the dew point, the higher water content.
- Wind
- Blows from high to low pressure. The greater difference in pressure results in greater this.
- Fronts
- Separate air masses
- Mesosphere
- Little ozone, temperature decreases with height.
- Mapping Pressure
- Constant lines of pressure are called isobars. Will indicate high and low pressure centers.
- Frost
- If the temperature is below 0°C the dew will create this.
- Air Pressure
- the weight of air above a certain unit of area. It lowers with height and is measured with barometers. Use units like inches of mercury of millibars (mb)
- Relative Humidity
- How moist the air is compared to saturation level. This is shown as a percentage.
- Nimbus (Nimbo-)
- describes precipitation clouds