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GEOL 101 Exam 2

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Schistose
Which type of foliation is characterized by coarsely crystalline micas, platy minerals aligned on planes, a crinkly texture, and somtimes garnet crystals
P waves
Which of the following seismic waves will be the first to arrive at a seismic station?
Crust and mantle
The lithosphere is made up of which compositional layers
All rock types
Which type of rock will be broken down by weathering
A relatively short distance
Because of the poor sorting and rounding of clasts, how far from the source were these clasts transported before deposition?
Reducing the sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, suppressing photosynthetic processes, reducing the Earth's surface temperature, causing unusual weather
Occasionally, a volcano will spew large amounts of fine volcanic dust into high atmosphere. This dust can have the effect of _____
The modified Mercalli Index measures earthquake intensity based on damage to human structures
Which of the following statements about earthquake scales is correct
Regional
_____ metamorphism takes place at considerable depth beneath the Earth's surface
At convergent plate boundaries where magma plumes and mountain ranges are forming
Metamorphic rocks form ______
High oxygen levels in environment of deposition
Which of the following conditions are not helpful for fossil preservation?
Shell, marine habitat, herbivore
Which of the following combinations will result in the highest preservation potential for organisms?
in regions with many days of freezing and thawing
Frost wedging is most effective ___
Cinder, composite, shield
Place the following types of volcanoes in order from Smallest to Largest
clay, silt, sand, gravel
Place the following grain sizes in order from smallest to largest. [sand, gravel, silt, clay]
Shallow focus
Most earthquakes are
Shallow marine
From which depositional environment are the most fossil species known?
Composite volcano
What type of volcano is mount saint helens
Outer Core
Which mechanical layer of the Earth is liquid
Directed pressure
Foliation occurs in metamorphic rocks as a result of
This sequence represents a sea level fall
You see a column of rocks that go from Coal, sandstone, shale, and limestone. How would you describe the depositional environments preserved in these rocks?
Peridotite
The Mantle is made of
Oxidation
Which of the following is not a type of mechanical weathering
Gneissic, schistose, phyllitic, slaty
Place the following foliation styles in order of their metamorphic grade form highest to lowest. [Schistose, phylitic, gnessic, slate]
Shield Volcanoes
What type of volcanoes formed the islands of Hawaii
Associated with ocean trenches around the Pacific Ocean
Where do most tsunamis on Earth originate
Limestone
Which of the following sedimentary rocks can be composed entirely of the remains of marine organisms that secrete shells make of calcite
Underwater
Where do pillow basalts form?
Ripple marks
Which of the following sedimentary structures indicates current flow
Sedimentary rocks are only a thin veneer covering the Earth's crust
Which of the following statements about sedimentary rocks is correct?
8.0
How big does an earthquake generally need to be on the Richter scale to trigger a tsunami
False
[T/F]Most death or destruction of property during volcanic eruptions is due to the lava itself
Organic
A rock composed of incompletely decomposed planet material is an example of _____ sedimentary rock
Apatosaurus
The brontosaurus' real name is
Iron metal with minor nickel
The core is made of
Calcite and dolomite
____ are the minerals commonly left behind after complete chemical weathering
Hydrolysis
Chemical weathering in which acids break down pre-existing minerals is known as ____
occurs adjacent to an igneous intrustion and only in a narrow contact aureole
Contact metamorphism
Granite
The continental crust is made of
melting of pre-existing rock
Metamorphism may incorporate all of the following except
True
[T/F] Surface waves cause more damage to structures than body waves
Focus
The point within the Earth where seismic waves originate is called
All of the above
Why is paleontology an important field of geology to study?
False
[T/F] Composite volcanoes are fed by mafic magma
Beach
If you saw a package of rocks made up of a well-rounded, well-sorted sandstone with cross beds that included marine fossils and burrows, what depositional environment would that most likely represent
Convergent plate boundary
In which type of plate tectonics setting do deep focus earthquakes occur?
Hot, wet climate (Louisiana)
In which of the following climates would you expect to have the highest rates of chemical weathering
Composite
A _____ volcano is composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic fragments and solidified lava flows
Pahoehoe
______ is the term used for Hawaiian basalt flow with a smooth, ropy surface
Eolian
In which depositional environment would cross beds be best developed

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