Med. Term. Quiz 3 (Ch. 7 & 8)

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antihypertensive: a drug that lowers blood pressure
thymus: the primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum; helps maintain the body's immune response by producing T lymphocytes
platelet count (PLT): a calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; normal range 150000-450000/cubic millimeters
CAT scan: computer assisted tomography
ang: pain, latin for snake that wraps around you and squeezes
immun/o: safe
thrombus: a stationary blood clot
cardiac catheterization: introduction of a flexible, narrow tube or catheter through a vein or artery into the heart to withdraw samples of blood, measure pressures within the heart to withdraw samples of blood, measure pressures within the heart chambers or vessels, and inject contrast media for fluoroscopic radiography and cine film (motion picture) imaging of the chambers of the heart and coronary arteries -very often includes interventional procedures such as angioplasty and atherectomy
vasocontrictor: a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow
echocardiography (ECHO): recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion
plasmapheresis: the removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements (such as platelets) followed by reinfusion (apheresis=a withdrawal)
mitral or bicuspid valve: heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle (cuspis=point)
chrom/o, chromat/o: color
crossmatching: a method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
white blood count (WBC): a count of the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods
right lymphatic duct: receives lymph from the upper-right part of the body
positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the heart: use of nuclear isotopes and computed tomography techniques to produce perfusion (blood flow) images and study the cellular metabolism of the heart; can be taken at rest or with stress
poiesis: to form
fusiform: a spindle-shaped bulge
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent=open)
mitral valve prolapse (MVP): protrusion of one or both cusps of mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
eosinophil: a granular leukocyte, named for the rose-color stain of its granules, that increases with allergy and some infection [eos=dawn-colored (rosy); phil=attraction for]
erythropenia: an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
angiotensin: will increase blood pressure (angio=vessel; tens=tight; in=chemical substance)
nuc: root for nut
arrhythmia, dysrhythmia: any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
basophil: a granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues (baso=base; phil=attraction for)
claudication: to limp; pain in a limb (especially the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply
orthogonal: right angle
bruit: french for noise
hemostat: stops bleeding
auscultation: a physical examination method of listening to sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope (i.e. auscultation of the chest for heart and lung sounds)
anticoagulant: a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
premature ventricular contraction (PVC): a ventricular contraction preceeding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)
neur: string on a bow
pericardial cavity: fluid filled cavity between the pericardial layers
antiarrhythmic: a drug that counteracts cardiac arrhythmia
cervical syndesis: someone's head hurts when they try to turn it
granulocytes: a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplam
roncus: wheezing voice
tricuspid valve: valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
monocyte: an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection (mono=one)
vasodilator: a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow
orthodontist: makes teeth correct (dont=teeth)
orthorexia: insistence of eating pure or correct food (rex=reaching out; ortho=correct)
systemic circulation: circulation of blood throughout the body through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
reticulocytosis: an increase of immature erythrocytes in the blood
capillaries: tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
blood chemistry panels: specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs or conditions (i.e. metabolic panel, lipid panel)
oxygen: producer of acid (oxy=sharp, cutter)
occlusion: plugging; obstruction or a closing off
sonography: sonographic imaging
positron emission tomography (PET): radionuclide scans, especially of the whole body, are useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy; commonly used in evaluating lymphoma
atri/o: atrium
polycythemia: an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
constriction: compression of a part
visceral pericardium: layer closest to the heart (visceral=pertaining to organ)
valve replacement: surgery to replace a diseased heart valve with an artificial one. Types: tissue-most commonly made from animal tissue such as procine (pig) or bovine (cow); mechanical-made from synthetic material
fusiform: type of aneurism (fus= to pour)
lymphoma: any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease
interventricular septum: partition between right and left ventricle
pro: in front of/before
chyle: a white or pale yellow substance of the lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
dissecting: a split or tear of the vessel wall
right heart catheterization: measurement of oxygen saturation and pressure readings of the right side of the heart
morph/o: form
thalassemia: red blood cells are smaller and not very red
diastole: to expand; period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
amnio: little sheep
arteri/o: artery
vegetation: to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis
diaphoresis: profuse sweating
iron deficiency anemia: a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron, affecting production of hemoglobin and characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin
pulmonary semilunar valve: heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery (luna=moon)
stress electrocardiogram: an ECG of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise using a treadmill or ergometer (bicycle); useful in detecting conditions such as ischemia and infarction
aplastic anemia: a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
septicemia: a systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
uvula: little grape
hem/o, hemat/o: blood
Purkinje fibers (network): fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left veintricles, causing them to contract
mens: month (beak god)
aneurysm: a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness
uva: grape
anticoagulant: a drug that prevents clotting of the blood commonly used in treating thrombophlebitis and myocardial infarction
aortic valve: heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
vasoconstrictor: a drug that causes narrowing of the blood vessels, decreasing blood flow
hallux: big toe
hemochromatosis: a hereditary disorder that results in an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
anemia: a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of the red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
scotoma: dark area (scot=darkness)
thromboplastin: a substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation
stress echocardiogram (stress ECHO): an echocardiogram of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise via treadmill or bicycle or administration of a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect of exercise stress in patients unable to ambulate-useful in detecting conditions such as ischemia and infarction
Rh positive: the presence of antigens
meniskocythemia: blood cells are shaped like crescent moons (like sickle cell anemia) (men=moon; isko=little)
atheromatous plaque: a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat (lipids)
band: an immature neutrophil
endocardium: membrane lining the cavities of the heart
lymph/o: clear fluid
arterioles: small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
hematocrit (HCT or Hct): a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
arteriogram: an x-ray of a particular artery (i.e. coronary arteriogram, renal arteriogram)
varic/o: swollen, twisted vein
cardioversion: termination of tachycardia either by pharmaceutical means or by delivery of electrical energy
lanula: the white crescent on nail
arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD): a degenerative condition of the arties characterized by thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture-seen most often in the aged or smokers
intracardiac electrphysiological study (EPS): invasive procedure involving placement of catheter-guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of cardiac arrhythmias; intracardiac catheter ablation may be performed at the same time to treat the arrhythmia
congestive heart failure (CHF), left ventricular failure: failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a "bottleneck" of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body
Doppler sonography: an ultrasound technique used to evaluate blood flow to determine the presence of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or carotid insufficiency, or flow through the heart, chambers, valves, etc
drome: to run
hemostatic: a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
pn-: breath
spleen: like a bandage for the body; store house for blood and cleanses the immune system
stroke volume (SV): measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
agranulocytes: a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei
ischemia: to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
lymphocyte: an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity-there are four categores of lymphocytes: T cells (thymus dependent), B cells (bone marrow derived), NK cells (natural killer), K-type cells
anisocytosis: the presence of red blood cells of unequal size (an=without; iso=equal)
arteriosclerosis: thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of the arterial walls
coron/o: circle or crown
tel: final stage
sphygm/o: pulse
atrioventricular node: neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His
endarterectomy: incision and coring of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque buildup (i.e. carotid endarterectomy)
veins: vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
splenectomy: the removal of a spleen
varix: singular of varicose
neutrophil: a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria (phagocytosis) (neutro=neither; phil=attraction for)
pacemaker: a device u ed to treat slow heart rates (bradycardia) by electrically stimulating the heart to contract, most often implanted with lead wires and battery circuitry under the skin but can be temporarily placed externally with lead wires inserted into the heart via a vein
normal sinus rhythm (NSR): regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node (average rate of 60 to 100 beats/minute)
mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV): a calculation of the volume of individual cells in cubic microns using HCT and RBC results: MCV=HCT/RBC
pancytopenia: an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
myocardium: heart muscle
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor: a drug that suppresses the conversion of angiotensin in the blood by the angiotensin-converting enzyme; used in the treatment of hypertension
bone marrow transplant: the transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production
orif: open reduction internal fixation (percutaneous fixation= piece of metal through skin attaches inside)
lymphocytopenia: an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
mononucleosis: a condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood, along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)
tachycardia: fast heart rate (>100 beats/min)
Rh factor: the presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia
normotension: normal blood pressure
bruit: noise; an abnormal heart sound caused by turbulence within
electrocardiogram: an electrical picture of the heart represented by positive and negative deflections on a graph labeled with the letters P, Q, R, S, and T, corresponding to events of the cardiac cycl
thrombolytic therapy: dissolution of thrombi using drugs (i.e. steptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA))
lymphadenopathy: the presence of enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes
diuretic: a drug that reduces serum fat and cholesterol
buccinator: trumpet blower (roman)
blast/o, -blast: germ or bud
leukocyte: white blood cell that protects the body from invasion of harmful substances
heart block: an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block (i.e. AV block)
polycythemiavera: thickening of blood viscosity
red blood cell count (RBC): a count of the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods
ejection fraction: measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction
immunoglobulins (Ig): protein antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes that protect the body from invasion of foreign pathogens; the five major classes include IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM
implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD): an implanted, battery-operated device with rate-sensing leads that monitors cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia
Rh negative: the absence of antigens
rrhexus: burst
listhesis: forward slipping of vertebra in your back
palpitation: subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heart beats
essential (primary) hypertension: high blood pressure attributed to no single cause, but risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors
mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): a calculation of the avg hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results: MCHC=HGB/HCT
reticul/o: a net
nuclear medicine imaging of the heart: radionuclide organ imaging of the heart after administration of radioactive isotopes to visualize structures and analyze functions
depolarization: change of a myocardial cell from a polarized (resting) state to a state of contraction (de=not; polarization=resting)
blood chemistry: a test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent (i.e. glucose, cholesterol)
vasodilator: a drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels, increasing blood flow
blood transfusion: the introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
intravascular stent: implantation of a device used to reinforce the wall of a vessel and ensure its patency (openness)- most often used to treat a stenosis or a dissection (a split or tear in the wall of a vessel) or to reinforce patency of a vessel after angioplasty
thombolytic agents: drugs used to dissolve thrombi (blood clots)
thrombo: clot
angina pectoris: chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries (angina=to choke)
fecaloma: round things removed from colon
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): grafting of a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body (such as a length of saphenous vein from the leg or mammary artery from the chest wall) to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring curculation to myocardial tissue; the traditional method includes temporary arrest of the heart with circulation (bypass) of the patients blood through a heart-lung machine during the procedure-an alternative off-pump approach uses a stabilizer to perform the procedure on the beating heart
aortogram: an x-ray of the aorta
beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta blockers: agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure within the walls of the vessels; used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension
antianginal: a drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve the pain of angina pectoris
passive immunity: an immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
cardiomyopathy: a general term for disease of the heart muscle [i.e. alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol)]
antigen: a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it
infarct: to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death) caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel
heart valves: structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood
parietal pericardium: outer layer (parietal=pertaining to wall)
hemolysis: breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
autoimmune disease: any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples
aort/o: aorta
cardiac tamponade: compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon=a plug)
luekoplakia: patches of white inside mouth
ventricul/o: ventricle (belly or pouch)
stenosis: condition of narrowing of a part
blood component therapy: the transfusion of specific blood components such as packed red blood cells, platelets, and plasma
lymphadenotomy: an incision into a lymph node
microcytosis: the presence of small red blood cells
hypotension: low blood pressure
venules: small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan: a scan of the heart made after an intravenous injection of an isotope (i.e. thallium) that is absorbed by myocardial cells in proportion to blood flow throughout the heart
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases to develop; it is transmitted sexually or through exposure to contaminated blood
thymectomy: the removal of the thymus gland
homologous blood: blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient
spleen: the organ between the stomach and diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides the environment for the initiation of immune responses by lymphocytes
lymph nodes: many small oval structures that filter the lymph received from the lymph vessels-major locations include the cervical region, axillary region, and inguinal region
coronary angiogram: an x-ray of the blood vessels of the heart
autologous blood: blood donated by, and stored for, a patient for future personal use (i.e. upcoming surgery)
thalassemia: type of blood disorder found in people who live by the Mediterranean sea (thalass=sea)
intracardiac catheter ablation: use of radiofrequency waves sent through a catheter within the heart to treat arrhythmias by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites generating abnormal electrical pathways
defibrillation: termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivery of an electrical stimulus to the heart, most commonly by applying electrodes of the defibrillator externally to the chest wall but can be performed internally at the time of open heart surgery or via an implanted device
hemolytic: to make the blood loose (lyt=to make loose)
mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin (MCH): a calculation of the content in weight of hemoglobin in the avg red blood cell using HGB and RBC results: MCH=HGB/RBC
prodrome: to run in front; same as precursor (curs=to run)
crat: power
hypertension: high blood pressure
arteries: vessels that carry blood FROM the heart to the arterioles
hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb): a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams)
hypervolemic shock: response to the polycythemiavera
splenomegaly: enlargement of the spleen
congenital anomaly of the heart: malformations of the heart present at birth (anomaly=irregularity)
defibrillator: a device that delivers the electrical stimulus in defibrillation
telo: long distance/an end
secondary hypertension: high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (i.e. kidney disease)
myocardial infarction (MI): heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) owing to loss of blood flow (ischemia) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery-usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea
tricho: hair
epicardium: membrane forming the outer layer of the heart
immunity: process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
hemophilia: a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
endovascular surgery: interventional procedures performed endoscopically at the time of cardiac catheterization
erythrocyte: red blood cell; lasts for 120 days
differential count: a determination of the number of each type of white blood cell (leukocyte) seen on a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA): magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels for evaluationo f pathology
anastomosis: opening; joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other
anastomosis: to establish a communication via anastomosis (not a disease/condition; it's a procedure)
oc, ob: in your face (i.e. occlusion= to close in your face; clus=to close)
metastasis: the process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to distant organs
lymph capillaries: microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels
myocarditis: inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection
trichotillomania: to pull out your hair
ventriculogram: an x-ray visualizing the ventricles
hydrogen: producing water (hydro=water; gen= to give rise to)
lymph ducts: collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
valvuloplasty: repair of a heart valve
coronary circulation: circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
isch: to hold
transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): an echocardiographic image of the heart after placement of an ultrasonic transducer at the end of an endoscope inside the esophagus
cardi/o: heart
pernicious anemia: a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number
contracture: joint is bent and stuck that way (arthritis)
basic metabolic panel: battery of tests used as a general screen for disease; calcium, carbon dioxide (CO2), chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
lymphangiogram: an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel taken after injection of a contrast medium
immunotherapy: the use of biological agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms; as seen in the treatment of AIDS, cancer, and allergy
leukemia: a chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow; classified according to the types of white cells affected
pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium
active immunity: an immunity that protects the body against a future infection, as the result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting an infection or artificially after administration of a vaccine
venogram: an x-ray of a vein
angioscopy: use of a flexible fiberoptic angioscope accompanied by an irrigation system, a camera, a video recorder, and a monitor that is guided through specific blood vessel to visually assess a lesion and select the mode of therapy
plasma: liquid portion of the blood and lymph containing water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, vitamins, and cellular components
thym/o: thymus gland
embolus: a clot (i.e. air, fat, foreign object) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges (embolus= a stopper)
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA): a method of treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a balloon attachment, then inflating it to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore often includes placement of a stent
phlebitis: inflammation of a vein
prothrombin: a protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
mer: part
thromb/o: clot
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o: vessel
lymph: fluid originating in the organs and tissues of the body that is circulated through the lymph vessels
polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN): another term for neutrophil, named for the many segments present in its nucleus (poly=many; morpho=form; nucleus= kernel)
macrocytosis: the presence of large red blood cells
chemotherapy: the treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
red cell morphology: as part of identifying and counting the WBCs, the condition of the size and shape of the red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide is noted
Holter ambulatory monitor: a portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient that monitors electrical activity of the heart over 24 hours-useful in detecting periodic abnormalities
lanugo: new baby (hair all over body)
left heart catheterization: an x-ray of the left ventricular cavity and coronary arteries
rheumatic heart disease: damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection)
partial thromboplastin (PTT): a test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders
gallop: an abnormal heart sound that mimics the gait of a horse; related to abnormal ventricular contraction
pollex: thumb
syndesis: to tie together/bind, to fuse
ather/o: fatty (lipid) paste
cardiac output (CO): measurement of the amount of blood ejected from either ventricle of the heart per minute
statins: agents that lower cholesterol in the blood by inhibiting the effect of HMG-CoA reductase, a liver enzyme responsible for producing cholesterol
vitiligo: patches of white on arms/chest
computed tomogrpahy (CT): full-body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma
lymph node dissection: the removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathological examination
blood culture: a test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified
intravascular sonography: ultrasound images made after a sonographic transducer is placed at the tip of a catheter within a blood vessel-done to evaluate pathological conditions such as buildup of plaque
stole: to send on its way (systole=to send together)
valves of the veins: valves located at intervals within the lining of the veins, especially in the legs, which constrict with the muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart
flutter: extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular flutter (typically from 250 to 350 beats/min)
trichorrhexus: split ends
orthodox: correct standard/opinion
transmyocardial revascularization (TMR): a laser technique used to open tiny channels in the heart muscle to restore blood flow, thereby relieving angina in patients with advanced coronary artery disease; an option for patients not treatable with angioplasty or coronary artery bypass
angiography: an x-ray of a blood vessel after injection of contrast medium
comprehensive metabolic panel: tests in addition to basic metabolic panel for expanded screening purposes: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, ALT, and AST
CD4 cell count: a measure of the number of CD4 cells (a subset of T lymphocytes) in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV and timing the treatment of AIDS; the normal adult range is 600- 1500 cells
atrial septal defect (ASD): an opening in the septum separating the atria
coarctation of the aorta: narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body
ventricular septal defect (VSD): an opening in the septum separating the ventricles
oma: round (i.e. atheroma= round fatty soupy plaque)
myologenous: to give birth to muscle (mylo=muscle; gen=to give birth to)
sinoatrial node (SA node): the pacemaker; highly specialized neurological tissue, embedded in the wall of the right atrium, responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node
atherectomy: excision of atheromatous plaque from whithin an artery utilizing a device housed in a flexible catheter that selectively cuts away or pulverizes tissue buildup
phag/o: eat or swallow
myel/o: bone marrow (also spinal cord)
splen/o: spleen
repolarization: recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state (re=again; polarization=resting)
serum: liquid portion of the blood left after the clotting process
palpate: to mold with hands (i.e. palpable)
radiology: x-ray imaging
blood indices: calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the avg size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells for classification of anemia
ven/o, phleb/o: vein
pancreas: pure meat
lymphadenectomy: the removal of a lymph node
toxiphile: someone who likes archery
tomography: charting of slices
hypertension (HTN): persistently high blood pressure
capillary: thin strand of hair on head
lacteals: specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream (lacteus=milky)
prothrombin time (PT): a test to measure the activity of prothrombin in the blood
antipyretic: fever reducer (pyr=fire)
angiogram: a record obtained by angiography
plas/o: formation
bone marrow aspiration: a needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological examination
pulmonary circulation: circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases
varicose veins: abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs
perfusion deficit: a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc
deep vein thrombosis (DVT): formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins
hemoptysis: spitting up of blood
tetralogy of Fallot: an anomaly that consists of four defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy-causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation, resulting in cyanosis (tetra=four)
hemangioma: dark red birth mark (not a tumor)
pnem-: lungs
saccular: a sac-like bulge on one side
aorta: large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle
thoracic duct: receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities
thrombocytopenia: a bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, which impairs the clotting process
myocardial radionuclide perfusion stress scan: a nuclear scan of the heart taken after the induction of controlled physical exercise via treadmill or bicycle or administration of a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect of exercise stress in patients unable to ambulate
left ventricle: can launch blood up to 30 feet; its walls are also 3x larger than the right ventricle's walls
interatrial septum: partition between right and left atrium
lymph vessels: vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
polarization: resting state of a myocardial cell
platelets: thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood essential for blood clotting (coagulation)
cardiotonic: a drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart commonly used to treat congestive heart failure
eosinophil: type of cell (1-3% of blood consists of this) (eos=dawn/ rosy color)
antibody: a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
bundle of His: neurological fibers, extending from the AV node to the right and left buncle branches, that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers
coronary artery disease (CAD): a condition affecting the arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium-most often caused by atherosclerosis
immunocompromised: impaired immunological defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents
hemoglobin: protein-iron compound contained in the erythrocyte that has bonding capabilities for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
erythrocyte: red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream
thrombophlebitis: inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation
ventricle: lower right and left chambers of the heart
fibrillation: chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation
pector/o, steth/o: chest
my/o: muscle
chyl/o: juice
bradycardia: slow heart rate (< 60 beats/min)
systole: to contract; period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery
venipuncture, phlebotomy: an incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
neutropenia: a decrease in the number of neutrophils
bacterial endocarditis: a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves
erythroblastosis fetalis: a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus
cor pulmonale, right ventricular failure: a condition of the enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of the chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor=heart)
complete blood count (CBC): the most common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes; the following is a listing of the component tests included in a CBC
anchoneus: elbow (i.e. anchonagra=pain in elbow)
atherosclerosis: buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries
pericardium: protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between
calcium channel blockers: agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions in heart muscle cells causing a slowing of the heart rate, lessening the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
bone marrow biopsy: a pathological examination of bone marrow tissue
poikilocytosis: the presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells (poikil/o=irregular)
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): a timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma
atrium: upper right and left chambers of the heart
myelodysplasia: a disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to the different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia
heart murmer: an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves

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Deck Info

Number of cards 368