Intro to World Music Pitt
Terms
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- Melody
-
Combo of
1)Tune/Rhythm
2) Pitch
*Timbre/Tone quality: clear, breathy, raspy, nasal, shrill, warm⬦
*Emphasis: short, staccato, long, soft, loud, punchy⬦
*Ornament: florid, ornate, active, dense - Homophony
- music parts generally move in the same rhythm
- Pitch
- refers to how high or low a sound is; frequency of a sound wave
- timbre
- tone quality; e.g., clear, breathy, raspy, shrill, sweet
- Sesquialtera
-
-Rhythmic organization in which six pulses can be divided in to 2 groups of 3 or 3 groups of 2
-Felt in both 3/4 and 6/8 metrical rhythm
-ambiguity is the heart and soul of much of Latin American derived folk music - Old Time
-
-The term “old-time†was coined in the 1920s by
music promoters, radio stations, and
record companies.
-It’s a rich and varied heritage of music - as rich as the roots music of any
country. It was played throughout rural America but was extra strong and
distinctive in the Southeast, especially in the mountains. It is sung and played on
a variety of acoustic instruments including the guitar and mandolin which were newcomers to it in the early twentieth century. It used to be played by African
Americans as well as Anglo, French and Scotch-Irish, etc. Americans. It nearly
died out in mid-century, but has found new life and is being played, mostly
informally, by people all over the country. - Bo Chatmon
-
â–
Armenter “Boâ€
Chatmon
â–
1893-1964
â–
Great-grandson of a
female slave and white
planter, born on
Mississippi plantation to
a prosperous family
â–
Performed on bass,
banjo and guitar for barn
dances in white and
black communities
â–
Also performed jazz,
blues and popular music - Mississippi Sheiks
- a popular and influential African American guitar and fiddle group of the 1930s. They were notable mostly for playing country blues[1] but were adept at many styles of popular music of the time
- Whitetop Festival
-
1930s
-Succeeded in validating old time music
Expectations of judges forced musicians to alter their style
‘Feast of paradox’ (Charles Seeger) - Fiddle
-
-Instrument used in Blue Grass music
-The fiddle is part of many traditional (folk) styles of music which are aural traditions, taught 'by ear' rather than via written music.
- - Banjo (Clawhammer)
-
Instrument used in bluegrass music
-a four-, five- or (occasionally) six-stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity as a resonator, called the head. - Mike Seeger
-
wrote 'Walking Boss'
Strophic ("verse repeating form")
Banjo doubles voice (heterophonic)
Clawhammer Technique (vs. 2 or 3 finger plucking)
Right and Left hand rhythms - Carolina Chocolate Drops
-
String band from Durham, NC
~
Members
came together at the 1st Black Banjo
Gathering in Boone, NC in 2005
~String band from Durham, NC
~Members came together at the 1st Black Banjo Gathering in Boone, NC in 2005
~Banjo, fiddle, guitar, harmonica, snare, bones, jug, kazoo, beat box
~Studied with Piedmont fiddler Joe Thompson
~Perform traditional and modern songs
~Banjo, fiddle, guitar, harmonica, snare, bones, jug,
kazoo, beat box
~Studied with Piedmont fiddler Joe Thompson
~Perform traditional and modern songs - Betty Davis
-
-African American from Pittsburgh
-Late 60s, became best friends with Jimmy Hendricks
-Married Miles Davis (legendary jazz trumpet player)
-Referred to as a ‘muse’, provacator
-Writes, arranges, and produces ALL ON HER OWN
blues, rock, funk, and prepunch
-Embodied idea of hybridity
-Original records are prized artifacts
iconic/inspiration artist for rock stars such as Grace -Jones and Prince
-Grew Up in Homestead
-So easily fell through the cracks - American Blues
-
-Raspy, gritty, rough timbre
-Autobiographical lyrics
-Lack of formal training
-Active voice
-Sexual content - What were Betty Davis' influences?
- Grace Jones, Prince
- How did Betty Davis influence Miles Davis?
-
Convinced Miles to change it from Witches brew to Bitches brew
-influenced him greatly by introducing him to the fashions and the new popular music trends of the era.
-introducing the trumpeter to psychedelic rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix and funk innovator Sly Stone. - Genre
-
a class or category of artistic endeavor
having a particular form, content, technique, or the like. (Betty Davis: blues, rock, punck, prepunch) - "projector" vs. singer
-
Projector: projects feelings?
Singer: autobiographical - Native American/Navajo
-
“An important way for Native Americans to link social memory and sociopolitical positionâ€
-Evokes connections to land and place, especially rural
-Employs narratives of loss=vehicle for protest
-Looks towards the past=connects the historical and the personal - powoww
- a celebration of American indian culture in which people from diverse indigenous nations gather for the purpose of dancing, singing an d traditions of their ancestors
- Sioux Grass Dance
- Originated among Northern Plains Indians, Popular dance among many native americans, song style and timbre has commonalities with Navajo traditional music, performed at powwows, fairs, and rodeos, virtuosic dance, Regalia is equally elaborate, pulsation of the voice, Driving drum beat with complex relationship to vocal part
- Vocables
- Yeibichai Song; any meaningful sound uttered by people, such as a word or term, that is fixed by their language and culture.[1][2] However, use in the broad sense is archaic. The term is currently used for utterances which are not considered words
- Navajo
- Native American Person of the SOuthwest;
- The Fenders
-
-early punk style
-established the “Chapterhouse Beat†(town hall)
Timing/beat is different
Navajo accent inflected English—-country twang to Navajo and infusing
terms to define Navajo band : “jung jigga jung†“rez†/reservation (lo-fi) sound “Monzoâ€
- Yeibichai
-
-Masked dancers represent the
presence of the gods (who
cannot speak)
⬢Public event on the 9th night
of Nightway
⬢Teams can travel from Nightway to Nightway
⬢Sung in vocables, but musical
structure and vocables are
recognized as Yeibichai Song - Nightway Ceremony
-
Curing ritual (holyway) to
restore balance (hózhó)
⬢
Led by a medicine man (singer)
⬢
All illness is believed to be
rooted in the spiritual world
⬢
Retelling of creation myths to
harness the power of
supernatural acts
⬢
Physically reunites extended
family and community - Call of the Yei
-
repeated several times
throughout the song
⬢
steady, low pitch level - Hozho
- beauty, blessedness, harmony which must be maintained as the center of the relationship with the natural world. If it is not it may be restored by a ritual.
- Medicine man/singer
- Led the nightway Ceremony which was a curing ritual to restore balance; retold creation myths to harness the power of supernatural acts
- "the one sung over"
- gods who cannot speak
- Latin America
-
Includes Andes mountains, Peruvian-
Chilean desert, and the lush rain forests of Amazonian basin; common heritage of Spanish or Portugese colonialism and American and European cultural influences - zampona
- traditional panpipe instrument symbolizing esteem in native traditions of Andes
-
Bolivian k’antu
-
Ceremonial panpipe music from altiplano
ï®
“Kutirimunapaqâ€=Quechua for “so that we can
return
–
Kallawaya people (close to Peruvian border) who
cultivate crops and raise livestock
–
Circle dance (20-30 players)
–
Phukuna
of many sizes
–
Played in dry season - Sanjuan
-
Important musical traits
–
Isorhythm
•
8 beat phrases with “identical rhythmâ€
•
L L s L s L L L | L L s L s L L L
–
Bimodality
•alternation between major and minor
Pentatonic
•5-note (pitch) scale
•6, 7, and 8-note scales also common - Imbabura harp
- Straight, short harp column with an arched, wide, and deep sound column. Descendent of sixteenth and seventeenth century Spanish harps
- Quichua
- a member of an American Indian people of Peru and parts of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador.
-
quena
-
-a South American wind instrument, mostly used by Andean musicians.
- charango
- a small Andean guitar, traditionally made from an armadillo shell.
- bombo
- a family of Latin American drums derived from the European bass drum (
- Nueva Cancion
- "New Song" of Chile and sometimes under a different genre name, Latin America; a movement through which people stand up for their own culture in the face of oppression by a totalitarian regime or in the face of cultural imperialism
- Salvador Allende
- a Chilean physician and politician, known as the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections.
- Inti Illimani
- an instrumental and vocal Latin American folk music ensemble from Chile. The group was formed in 1967 by a group of university students and it acquired widespread popularity in Chile for their song Venceremos (We shall win!) which became the anthem of the Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende.
- Victor Jara
-
Theatre director, musician, activist
Pan-Latin American, and international influences (El Martello-“The Hammerâ€)
Reached large numbers of people——shifted to full time singer to reach more people through his music
Covered some North American songs (the hammer)
Incorporated local Chilean traditions (Te recuerdo Amanda-“I remember you Amandaâ€)
* Story telling aspect..words most important element..instrument supports - Violeta Parra
- a Chilean composer, songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist. She pioneered the "Chilean' New Song", the Nueva canción chilena, a renewal and a reinvention of Chilean folk music which would extend its sphere of influence outside Chile, becoming acknowledged as "The Mother of Latin American folk".
- Canto a lo poeta
-
Sing all night (from dinner to sunrise)
Revival stage for dedication of this instrument
CHOSTO OLLO - Guitarron
- 6 stringed instrument
- Flat feet dancing
-
Also known as “heel and toe, shuffle, clog dance, buck dancing, jig dancingâ€
Feet typically stay close to the floor and dance is mostly improvisational
Hybrid expression with northern European, West African and Native American elements
*class example with Mackenzie tap dancing
*Middle class white individuals would transform slave songs
- Performances of stereotype African Americans (called minstrels)
- HUGE success in the North (fiddle, banjo, bones, tambourine…played by 4 white men wearing black face)
Many minstrel musicians were able to imitate folk styles
Songs were written by professional song writers (Oh Susanna, Camptown Races)
E.g. Stephen Foster
**ONE OF THE FIRST MASSIVELY POPULAR EXPRESSIONS BLENDING BLACK AND WHITE MUSICAL SOUNDS
Demonstrates how hybrid character has been built within context of racial ideology - Golpe militar
-
-Military coup on September 11,1973
-Led by General Augusto Pinochet
-Thousands imprisoned
music censorship
internationalization of Nueva Cancion
JOAN BAEZ
Andean sounds were highly globalized - Augusto Pinochet
- Pinochet assumed power in Chile following a United States-backed coup d'état on 11 September 1973 that overthrew the elected socialist Unidad Popular government of President Salvador Allende and ended civilian rule. Several academics have stated that the support of the United States was crucial to the coup and the consolidation of power afterward.