Unit 5 Review
Review
Terms
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- fallow
- land left unseeded during a growing season to recharge its mineral supplies
- English Civil War
- (1642-1688) Civil War that resulted from political tormoil and the attempt to establish absolutism
- Charles I
- Roman catholic, ruled without parliament, public did not like him ABSOLUTIST, and taxed the people without agreement of others (James I's son)
- Charles II
- king when monarchy was re-established, wanted to share power with parliament but had to dissolve parliament when they became a threat to the catholic church
- Peter the Great
- ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia, St.Petersberg
- constitutional monarchy
- A political system in which a king/queen is the head of state but in which his/her power is limited by a constitution.
- Johannes Kepler
- proved elliptical orbits
- Oliver Cromwell
- a. Creates a Republic with him really in control b. Leads Roundheads c. Introduces redcoats
- Frederick the Great
- King of Prussia (1740-1786). Successful in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), he brought Prussia great military prestige in Europe.
- English Bill of Rights
- Guaranteed certain rights to English citizens. Introduced the concept of individual rights. (1689)
- geocentric
- models of the universe based on the assumption that the sun, moon, and planets all orbit Earth
- Age of Reason
- Same as the Enlightenment.
- Issac Newton
- mathematician, made gravity laws and the laws of motion
- Age of Absolutism
- a time of monarchy power being unrestrained
- heliocentric
- Earth and all planets orbit the sun
- Scientific Revolution
- A time between 1500 and 1700 when there was a major shift in the thinking on science (reason)
- scientific method
- A research method whereby a problem is identified, a hypothesis stated, and hypothesis is tested
- Glorious Revolution
- bloodless overthrow of King James II by King William and Queen Mary.
- William Harvey
- He showed how heart pumps blood through body
- Louis XIV
- king of France from 1643 to 1715, - the longest reign in French history, was characterized by a magnificent court and the expansion of French influence in Europe.
- divine right of kings
- god gave kings the right to rule and kings are answerable only to God
- Galileo Galilei
- built his own telescope and used it to study the heavens
- Enlightenment
- a philosophical movement (1600s-1700s) that emphasized human reason, scientific examination, and industrial progress
- absolute monarchy
- a monarchy in which the ruler's power is unlimited
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- suggested that the sun, not Earth, was the center of our solar system (heliocentric)