First Term Exam Review: Part 2 AOD
Terms
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- Qing Dynasty
- Manchu tribe that overthrew the Ming dynasty. Brought China back to prosperity and stable-ness
- Mercantile Colonies
- helped nation-state become self-suffient, supposed to serve mother country
- da Gama
- Portuguese, sailed around Cape of Good Hope
- Marco Polo
- Venetian explorer who traveled to China overland
- Dutch East India Company
- Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies until the british came and took over
- Mansa Musa
- ruled Mali from 1312 to 1332; spread interest in Mali as he journied to Mecca
- Horse
- 27
- Magellan
- circumnavigated the globe but didnt live to tell the tale
- Plantations
- sugar cane in S.A and cotton in the southern N.A.; slaves were used here as labor
- Inca Empire
- Empire in Peru. conquered by Pizarro, who began an empire for the Spanish in 1535
- Mercator
- showed the rue shape of landmasses. Near the equator, it was quite accurate, but the further away you went, the less accurate it became
- Indigenous Economies
- 70
- Amerigo Vespucci
- Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America, America was named after him
- Fuggers
- House of, was given a monopoly over silver, copper, and mercury mines in Habsburg possesion by Charles V. However, they soon went bankrupt.
- Columbian Exchange
- importing and exporting of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas
- Jamestown
- 1st permanent English settlement in the Americas, founded in 1607
- Pizarro
- Spanish conquistador, conquered Incan empire in Mexico
- compass
- found longitude and latitude
- Northwest Passage
- a water route between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans along the northern coast of North America
- Robert Clive
- British general who helped strengthen British control of India at Calcutta
- African Slave Trade
- African peoples captured and taken as slaves to South America (sugar cane plantations) and North America (cotton plantations)
- Mercantilism
- economic theory that the prosperity of a nation depended on how much bullion it had; encouraged government to get involved with economics
- British East India Company
- Government charted joint-stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies after the Dutch
- Commericial Capitalism
- 60
- Tokugawa Shogunate
- Japanese ruler, completed the resoration of central authority (unification of Japan)
- Seven Years' War
- ---
- Caravel
- small sailing ship
- Portuguese Empire
- 16
- Francis Xavier
- first jesuit missonary, achieved to converting some of Asia's population to Christianity, which caused dispute
- encomienda
- system that permitted conquistadors to collect a tribute from the narives and then use them as laborers
- Confucianism
- Chinese religion; said merchants were scum of the earth and the chinese were top
- Archipelago
- a group of many islands in a large body of water
- astrolabe
- found position of celestial bodies
- Cape of Good Hope
- Southernmost tip of Africa
- Moctezuma
- Aztec Ruler, mistook Cortes to be god and welcomed him into the empire.
- Axial Rudder
- enabled ships to sail against the wind and engage in naval warfare
- Triangular Trade
- A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s; Africa sent slaves to America, America sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe sent weapons and rum to Africa
- Cortes
- Spanish conquistador, conquered Aztec empire in Mexico
- Middle Passage
- the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade
- Columbus
- Portuguese, discovered New World for Spain but thought he had reached Asia (1492)
- Small Pox
- Disease spread by Europeans in the Americas. Led to the deaths
- Cartography
- map-making
- Tenochtitlan
- the capital of the Aztec Empire, founded on the site of present-day Mexico City
- 1453
- Fall of Constantinople to Turks, trade became limited
- Samuel de Champlain
- French explorer, established settlement at Quebec (1608)
- Imperial BOP
- 69
- Atahualpa
- Last ruling Incan emperor of Peru. Executed by the Spanish (Pizarro)
- Canton
- first English trading port established in Asia (1699), which increased trade with China. Chinese govt allowed them only to reside here from October through March
- Aztecs
- simple but intelligent empire found in Mexico. capital: Tenochtitlan, ruler:Monteczuma. conquered by Cortes
- Prince Henry
- "Prince Henry the Navigator" established Portuguese school of navigation in Lisbon
- John Cabot
- 1497, 1498 made voyages along the northeast coast of North America, looking for a passage that led to Asia. employed by King Henry VII
- Dutch Empire
- competitive and agressive, Dutch traders drove off competition (British, Portuguese) in coastal trading towns and seized power elsewhere
- Bank of Amsterdam
- 1609, Amsterdam; deposit and transfer institution (modern bank)
- Prester John
- mythical Christian kingdom in Africa
- Bullion
- gold and silver
- Jaques Cartier
- French explorer, found the St. Lawrence River and laid claim to Canada as a French possesion (1534)
- Sugar Factories
- another name for sugar plantations in the carribean
- Nagasaki
- Trading port, after Jesuit disputes, only the Dutch were allowed to reside here, and only for 2-3 months at a time
- Favorable Balance of Trade
- process in which Britain charged more for exports rather than imports in an attempt to gain more profit
- Gold Coast
- southern coast of West Africa, found in 1471 to be a good source of gold
- Line of Demarcation
- Issued by Pope Alexander VI; assigned Spain newly discovered lands to the west of the line and Portuguese newly discovered lands to the east
- "Gold, Glory, God"
- primary motives for exploration
- Diaz
- Portuguese, led expedition to the Cape of Good Hope
- Ming Dynasty
- extended Chinese rule to central Asia and ruled during a period of prosperity and growth but slowly declined and was soon conquered
- Maya
- extremely intelligent civilization, collapsed around 800
- Viceroys
- Royal governors sent by Spain to rule in the King's name.
- French vs. British
- 43
- Commercial Revolution
- it aided the AOD, new money economy, artisans set price, more profit, more demand
- Interdependance
- American colonies depended on the mother country for help b/c the colonies could make everything themselves
- Black Hole of Calcutta
- a dungeon (20 feet square) in a fort in Calcutta where as many as 146 English prisoners were held overnight