crim J7 chap 10 2
Terms
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- dispository hearing
- final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles, in which a decision is made on the form of treatment or penalty which should be imposed upon the child
- intake
- first step in decision making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction
- parens patriae
- common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and to take custody of a child when he or she becomes delinquent, is abnadoned, or is in need of care that the natural parents are unable or unwilling to provide
- delinquency
- juvenile actions or conduct in vilation of criminal law, juvenlie status offenses, and other juvenlie misbehavior
- juvenile petition
- document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile or that an alleged delinquent be transferred to a criminal court for prosecuation as an adult
- cohort
- group of individuals sharing similarities of age, place of birth, and residence; cohort analysis is social science technique by which such groups are tracked over time to identify the unique and observable behavioral traits that characterize them
- social ecology
- approach that focuses on the misbehavior of lower-class youth and sees delinquency primarily as the result of social disorganization
- adjudicatory hearing
- fact-finding process wherein the juvenile court determines whether ornot there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition
- undisciplined child
- child who is beyond parental control, as evidenced by his or her refulsal to obey legitimate authorities, such as school officials and teachers
- abused child
- child who has been physically, sexually, or mentally abused; most states also consider a child who is forced into delinquent activity by a parent or guardian to be abused
- neglected child
- child who is not receiving the proper level of physical or psychological care from his of her parents or guardians or who has been placed up for adoption in violation of the law
- delinquent child
- child who has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if the child were an adult; term delinquent is applied to such a child to avoid the stigma associated with the term criminal
- dependent child
- child who has no parents or whose parents are unable to care for him or her
- status offense
- act or conduct that is declared by statues to be an offense, but onlly when committed by or engaged in by a jubenile, and that can be adjudicated only by a juvenile court
- opportunity theory
- perspective that sees delinquency as the reslut of limited legitimate opportunities for success available to most lower-class youth
- juvenile disposition
- decision of a juvenile court, concluding a disposition hearing, that an adjudicated juvenile be committed to a juvenile correctional facility; be placed in a juvenile residence, shelter, or care or treament program; be required to meet certain standards of conduct
- teen court
- alternative approach to juvenile justice in which juvenile offenders are sentenced by a jury of their peers
- status offender
- child who commits an act that is contrary to the law by virtue of the offender's status as a child; purchasing cigarettes, buying alcohol, and being truant are examples of such behavior
- social disorganization
- condition said to exist when a group is faced with social change, uneven development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of consensus
- juvenile justice system
- govt agencies that function to investigate, supervise, adjudicate, care for, or confine youthfull offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court