Religion Final
Terms
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- deism
- Deism is a belief that God existed based upon reason alone, but has nothing to do w/our every day lives. The Deists were a group that tought this.
- Reign of Terror
- A movement to dechristianize France
- Douai Priests
- William Allen, a Catholic priest, left England during Elizabeth's reign and went to the town of Douai. He trained and ordained British men as priests. He then sent the priests back to England where they performed underground Catholic services. Many were martyred.
- Rerum Novarum
- An encyclical written by Leo XIII; Rerum Novarum means "Of New Things"
- ecumenism
- Unifying all Christians. This came about in the 1900's from the work being done in Latin America.
- St. Ignatius of Loyala
- founded the Jesuits
- anti-Catholic bigotry
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Anti-Catholic bigotry was caused in the Americas by thousands of immigrants fleeing into the United States.
Examples of bigotry:
1) American Protecive Association
2) KKK
3) Alfred E. Smith - Elizabethan England
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Elizabeth I was the queen of England. She wanted to drive Catholics out of England, but she did not want to martyr them the way her sister MAry had done. To do this, she did 3 things:
1) Arrested all Catholic bishops, so that no new priests could be ordained.
2) Ordered all clergy to become Anglican ministers.
3) Threatened to tax all lay people who did not attend Sunday Anglican services. - Enlightenment
- Followers of the enlightenment believed that science brought light to the world sunk in darkness of religious superstition.
- First Estate
- The highest ranking of people in France; consisted of Catholic clergy
- Jesuits
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AKA the Society of Jesus
A new order founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola that was based upon education through missionary work. - Knights of Labor
- This was the first large and effective labor union. It had the support of the American bishop and cardinal Gibbons.
- liberalism
- This grew out of the French revolution. It was a creed for those who wanted for freedom.
- Martin Luther
- This man was a Catholic priest who wanted to see reform in the Catholic Church. He made this known by posting his 95 Theses on a chuch door in Wittenburg, Germany. The These were particularly concerned with the sale of indulgences, which were a means of shortening your penance through payment. As he continued to be ignored, his statements became more radical, including rejecting papal authority and some of the sacrements. He was excommunicated, and he took many followers with him. Followers became known as Lutherans.
- John Carrol
- This man lived in America at a time when it contained only 25,000 Catholics. There was a need for leadership. This man was appointed Bishop of Maryland. His diocese was the entire U.S.
- Napoleon
- Napoleon signed the Concordat of 1801 w/Pope Pius VII. Then, he got very greedy and couldn't take England. He asked for help from Europe. Pope Pius VII refused to support him. Pius was imprisoned and nonviolently refused to fufill his papal duties. He gained great respect in Europe.
- national parishes
- These were establised in the inner cities where immigrants were helped. The contained schools, parishes, markets, etc.
- nationalism
- This was a term that grew out of the French revolution. It is a form of patriotism , the virtue of loving one's country.
- Pope Pius X
- This pope made many changes to the mass. He urged Catholics to take the Eucharist as often as they desired. He also simplified chuch music. He wanted active participants.
- Civil War
- During the Civil War, Catholics fought on both sides, but the Catholic clergy spoke out against slavery. Following the war , the church missed out on an oppurtunity to evangelize the freed slaves. The intstead turned their attention to the European immigrants.
- Protestant Reformation
- This movement all started when a man named Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on church doors. He was ignored, so Luther started saying more radical things. Then, he was excommunicated. His followers became known as Lutherans. The Diet of Augsburg compromised peace between the Lutherans and Catholics. Then, Zwingli began the Anabaptists. He challenged the church doctrine even farther. The John Calvin, the man who started the Presbyterians, came along, preaching double predestination. Lastly, the church of England, or Anglicanism, was formed. There was nothing left for the church to do but strengthen it's own self as not to lose any more followers.
- American Revolution
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- counciliarism
- The idea that the general council has more authority than the pope. This idea arose out of the Council of Constance.
- John Calvin
- The man who began the Presbyterian faith; preached double predestination
- Concordat of 1801
- A concordat signed by Napoleon and Pope Pius the Seventh that gave religious freedom to French Catholics. It also named the Pope as its leader again.
- Huldrych Zwingli
- The man who began the Anabaptists. Took Luther's teachings a step farther.
- Council of Trent
- The Council of Trent was convened in response to the Protestant Reformation, but it did not respond immediately, beginning almost 30 years after Luther posted his 95 Theses. The council met 3 seperate times in an 18 year period. In response to Luther's claims, the Church addressed the 2 main issues: abuses and the Church doctrine. All abuses, including indulgences, were ceased. Many doctrines were defined and published in the Catholic cathechism.
- King Henry the 8th
- Began Anglicanism, after being exommunicated from the church
- Counter Reformation
- The counter reformation was the Church trying to strengthen the Church after Martin Luther and many others had brokien off and become Protestant. During the counter reformation the Council of Trent was called and the Jesuits were formed.
- Queen Elizabeth
- The queen of England who attempted to rid England of Catholicism. Peacefully at first, but eventually by killing.