WH imperialism test
Terms
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- Vietnam
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colonized by: French
When: 1858
Why: good trade port, needed land to compete - Phillipines
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colonized by:Spain-->Britain-->Spain-->US
When:1656-->1762-->1763-->1935
Why:good outpost in pacific, natural resources, navy base - Nigeria
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colonized by:Britain
When: 1901
Why: Oil, no intention of settling - South Africa
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colonized by:Dutch-->English
When:1795
Why:trade routes, natural resources - Otto Von Bismark: the individual
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-Prussian Junker (conservative land owning noble)
-Realpolitik (needs of state above all else)
-Chancellor below William 1 (#2 guy but really runs things) - Otto VB: Goals
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-unified Germany w/Prussia at head
-strong Germany
-benefit Hohenzollers (Prussian ruling dynasty) - Otto VB: 3 Obstacles overview
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-Austria (main power)
-Liberal Diet (liberal legislature in Germany)
-France, etc - Otto VB:Obstacle 1
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DEALING WITH THE DIET
-ignored, then dissolved
-bad public image, but just restricts press and dictates budget - Realpolitik
- needs of state above all else
- Otto VB: Obstacle 2
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DEALING WITH AUSTRIA
-forms alliance
-goes to war with denmark
-attacks austria on claims of negating alliance
-dissolves austria-led german confederation, replaces with Prussia
-leaves austria, 4 southern states independant - Otto VB: Obstacle 3
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FRANCE
-ems dispatch=letter that started war...manipulation of meetings btwn NapIII and Will(prussia)
-Otto wins, france surrenders - Results of Otto VB:
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-Birth of second Reich
-New Legislature
-Bundesrat
-Reichstag - Bundesrat
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(upper house)
-selected by rulers of german states
-can veto any reichstag decisions - Reichstag
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(lower house)
-composed of all men able to vote - Italy: Important Leaders and goals
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GARIBALDI-Red Shirts, wants republic
MAZZINI-founded "young Italy", wanted republic
CAVOUR-Prime Minister, wanted monarchy - Germany: steps in unification
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1.Consolidation of Power under Bismarck
2.War with Denmark
3.War with Austria
4.War with France
5.the creation of Kaiser-William I
6.Birth of the second Reich
7.William II tells Bismark to reign - Imperialism
- * means of acquisition
- Why be imperial?
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-ECONOMIC:natural resources of colonies
-POLITICAL: more power if you influence the world
-MILITARY: increase power - Justification of Imperialism
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-Social Darwinism
-Paternal View, bringing technology, etc to help natives - Social Darwinism
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-Charles Darwin
-recognizes that unwerstern, uncivilized people will be destroyed as a form of natural selection, but not advocating
-western=socially superior - Herbert Spencer
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-Social Darwinist
-coined "survival of the fittest"
-with Natural Selection, social aspects of humanity evolve as well (intelligence, ability to reason) - Malthus
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-social darwinist
-dont help the poor: fighting evolution/hurting humanity in long run - Francis Galtor
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-Intellectual traits are inherrited
-against welfare, insane asylums (dumbing down humanity) - OVERALL IMPERIALISM JUSTIFICATION
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two options: kill the heaten or save the heathen
RACISM=justification
-justified because savages are barely human - Mazzini
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Young Italy-goal to unite italy as republic
-Nationalist (duh)
-uniting made sense because of common language and history and geography
-set up republic in rome but soon crushed by french miliatry - Cavour
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-monarchist, RealPolitik (gov't above all else)
-prime minister of Kingdom of Sardinia, to Victor Emmanuel I
-goal:end Austrian power in Italy, annex Lombardy and Venitia
-deal with Napoleon, brought down Austria, annexed lombardy - Garibaldi
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-sought help from Cavour
-raised volunteer force, wore red shirt
-won control of kingdom of two sicilies
-troops from a nervous cavour/emmanual joined with Garribaldi
-gave naples and sicily to victor Emmanuel; VE crowned king of Italy - protectorate
- locar rulers left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisers on issues
- Sphere of Influence
- area in whihc an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
- British rule=
- indirect
- French rule=
- direct
- Berlin Conference
- European power could not claim land unless they established a gov't office there
- Sepoy Rebellion
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SEPOYS-Indian soldiers in British service to serve anywhere
-sepoys rebel against new laws undermining hindu relgion, British crushed
-india put under stricter, direct control - China's Challenges:
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*Industrial nonrevolutino
*Opium
*Decline of Qing/Taiping rebellion - CChalenge1
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Industrial Nonrevolution
-no need for industrialization, while GB did
-doesnt have same technology - CChallenge2
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OPIUM
-british brought in exchange for tea, Chinese got addicted
-Opium war; British win
-Treaty of Nanjing: war reparation, make china pay for war, etc
-GB demanded *****EXTRATERRITORIALITY**** - Extraterritoriality
- british people can live in china only under british laws and not chinese
- CCHallenge3
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Decline of Qing
-Taiping Rebellion: 30 mil died, peasants rebel
-failed reform efforts - JAPAN fears...
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-opium
-forced concessions to GB
-Western Imperialism
-PERRYS SHIPS: fleet of ships going around to show US naval powers (demanded access to china) - Japans attempt1
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-relented to US a little
-TREATY OF KANAGAWA (1854)
Extraterritoriality
MFN-us trade has no restrictions
-shogun removed; civil unrest - Japan Attempt2
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Meiji Constitution to cope with Western Imperialism
-emperor and legislature
-military growth
-attempt to eliminate class distinctions
-tried to end feudalism - Sino-Japanese War
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-clear jap victory
-east vs east/west-->Jap modernizing to survive
-taiwan, ports in china - Russo-Jap War
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-Jap wins Koria
-Jap destroys russian navy (everyone ShOcKeD)